Roa Forster Valentina, Viera Plasencia Alejandra, Castellanos Lisett, Roldan Eneida
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA.
Hematology and Oncology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 20;17(7):e88386. doi: 10.7759/cureus.88386. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Background Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet Hispanic/Latinx adults in the United States report lower prevalence compared to non-Hispanic White adults despite similar or greater cardiovascular risk factors. Objective To examine disparities in reported hyperlipidemia among Hispanic/Latinx adults and assess the role of social determinants of health, healthcare access, and cultural factors. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive analysis was conducted using publicly available summary-level data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2019 to 2022. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were compared across ethnic groups. Differences between groups were considered statistically significant if their 95% confidence intervals did not overlap, in accordance with standard practice for analyzing summary-level survey data. Results Hispanic/Latinx adults had significantly lower rates of reported hyperlipidemia (16.4%) and angina (1.1%) compared to non-Hispanic White adults (23.3% and 1.8%, respectively). They also reported fewer wellness visits, lower prescription medication use, and higher rates of uninsurance. These disparities suggest potential underdiagnosis rather than a true difference in disease burden. Conclusion The findings underscore the impact of structural inequities, limited healthcare access, and language barriers on chronic disease diagnosis in Hispanic/Latinx populations. Differences were considered statistically significant based on non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. As this study relied on self-reported, summary-level data, potential reporting bias and inability to adjust for confounders should be considered. Culturally tailored interventions, bilingual care, and community health worker outreach may help close these gaps and promote equitable cardiovascular outcomes.
高脂血症是心血管疾病的主要危险因素，然而在美国，西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人报告的患病率低于非西班牙裔白人成年人，尽管他们存在相似或更多的心血管危险因素。目的：研究西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人中报告的高脂血症差异，并评估健康的社会决定因素、医疗保健可及性和文化因素的作用。方法：使用2019年至2022年美国国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）公开的汇总数据进行横断面描述性分析。比较各民族加权患病率估计值和95%置信区间。根据分析汇总数据的标准做法，如果两组的95%置信区间不重叠，则认为两组之间的差异具有统计学意义。结果：与非西班牙裔白人成年人相比，西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人报告的高脂血症（16.4%）和心绞痛（1.1%）发生率显著较低（分别为23.3%和1.8%）。他们还报告了较少的健康检查、较低的处方药使用率和较高的未参保率。这些差异表明可能存在诊断不足，而非疾病负担的真正差异。结论：研究结果强调了结构性不平等、有限的医疗保健可及性和语言障碍对西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群慢性病诊断的影响。根据不重叠的95%置信区间，差异被认为具有统计学意义。由于本研究依赖自我报告的汇总数据，应考虑潜在的报告偏差和无法调整混杂因素的问题。文化定制干预、双语护理和社区卫生工作者外展服务可能有助于缩小这些差距并促进公平的心血管疾病结局。
