Merighi Davi Gabriel Salustiano, Gonçalves Cauê Augusto Boneto, Ferrari Anielle Salviano de Almeida, Andrade Maxuel de Oliveira, Guzzo Cristiane Rodrigues
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
ACS Omega. 2025 Aug 6;10(32):35827-35841. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c02786. eCollection 2025 Aug 19.
Bacterial ion homeostasis is critical for adaptation and survival. In this study, we show that supplementing 2xTY medium with divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn) from 50 to 1,000 μM significantly enhances the growth of species by reducing generation time, while monovalent ions (Na, K, Li, and Cl) had no significant effect. Among them, Ca effectively boosted . fitness, increasing the specific growth rate by up to 223%, shortening the cell cycle, and enhancing adhesion to abiotic surfaces up to 8-fold. Calcium also induced a more uniform and smaller cell morphology, suggesting improved cell division and metabolic efficiency. Colony forming unit counts confirmed a higher viability, excluding dead cell accumulation. These effects were conserved in other Xanthomonadaceae members (. and . ) but not in nonrelated species. Based on these findings, we propose an optimized growth medium named 2xTY-Ca (16 g/L tryptone, 10 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L NaCl, and 1 mM CaCl), which significantly improves spp. growth kinetics , enhancing . and . cultivation for laboratory and industrial applications. Though the precise molecular mechanism behind these phenotypes has yet to be determined, we highlight . as a promising organism to understand the role of divalent cations in bacterial physiology.
细菌离子稳态对于适应和生存至关重要。在本研究中，我们发现向2xTY培养基中添加50至1000μM的二价阳离子（钙、镁、锰、铁、镍和锌）可通过缩短代时显著促进该物种的生长，而一价离子（钠、钾、锂和氯）则无显著影响。其中，钙有效地提高了该物种的适应性，使比生长速率提高了223%，缩短了细胞周期，并将对非生物表面的粘附力提高了8倍。钙还诱导了更均匀、更小的细胞形态，表明细胞分裂和代谢效率得到改善。菌落形成单位计数证实了更高的活力，排除了死细胞积累。这些效应在其他黄单胞菌科成员（某某菌和某某菌）中是保守的，但在非相关物种中则不然。基于这些发现，我们提出了一种名为2xTY-Ca的优化生长培养基（16 g/L胰蛋白胨、10 g/L酵母提取物、5 g/L氯化钠和1 mM氯化钙），它能显著改善该菌的生长动力学，增强某某菌和某某菌在实验室和工业应用中的培养效果。尽管这些表型背后的确切分子机制尚未确定，但我们强调该菌是理解二价阳离子在细菌生理学中作用的一个有前途的生物体。
