Sari Aysegul, Santamaria Pasquale, Nibali Luigi
Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK.
Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
J Periodontol. 2025 Aug 25. doi: 10.1002/jper.11396.
The aim of this study was to study the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum progranulin (PGRN) levels in the early healing phases.
The study included periodontitis (test) (n = 24) and periodontal health (control) (n = 24) groups. PGRN, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 levels were assessed at baseline, at the 1st, 2nd, and 14th day, and 1st and 3rd month after NSPT in serum and GCF samples by Luminex bead-based multiplex immunoassay method.
GCF PGRN, IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, and IL-10 levels were higher in the test group than in the control group at baseline (p < 0.05). GCF PGRN and VEGF levels decreased from day 14 after NSPT, while IL-1β levels decreased gradually from day 2 (p < 0.001). TNF-α levels rapidly increased on day 1 after NSPT and gradually decreased from day 14 (p < 0.001). GCF PGRN/ TNF-α molar ratio levels dramatically decreased from baseline day 1 after treatment and then increased gradually from day 14 to the 1st month (p < 0.001). There were no differences in serum parameters between groups and among time points (p ≥ 0.05), while a strong positive correlation was detected between GCF PGRN and IL-1β, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.001) at baseline.
GCF PGRN total amount levels decreased gradually at each time point during the early healing period after NSPT, in parallel with IL-1β. Changes in GCF PGRN and PGRN/TNF-α molar ratio may be associated with periodontal disease and post-treatment outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05535049).
Progranulin (PGRN) is a protein with complex physiological functions, producing granulin peptides that promote inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate PGRN levels in the presence of periodontal disease and the local and systemic changes after following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The study included periodontitis (test) (n = 24) and periodontal health (control) (n = 24) groups. PGRN, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL) -1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 levels were assessed in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples at baseline and at various time points after NSPT. GCF PGRN total amount levels were higher in the presence of periodontitis. Their levels decreased after NSPT from the 14th day in patients with periodontitis in parallel with inflammatory and regenerative mediators. However, PGRN/TNF-α molar ratio levels increased after treatment at the end of the early healing phase. Molecular mediators hold promise as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in periodontal therapy. Monitoring the level of PGRN in GCF before and after periodontal therapy could in the future be useful for personalized care.
本研究旨在探讨非手术牙周治疗（NSPT）在早期愈合阶段对龈沟液（GCF）和血清前颗粒蛋白（PGRN）水平的影响。
本研究纳入了牙周炎（试验组）（n = 24）和牙周健康（对照组）（n = 24）两组。采用基于Luminex微珠的多重免疫分析方法，在基线、第1天、第2天、第14天以及NSPT后的第1个月和第3个月，对血清和GCF样本中的PGRN、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和IL-10水平进行评估。
在基线时，试验组的GCF中PGRN、IL-1β、TNF-α、VEGF和IL-10水平高于对照组（p < 0.05）。NSPT后第14天起，GCF中PGRN和VEGF水平下降，而IL-1β水平从第2天开始逐渐下降（p < 0.001）。NSPT后第1天，TNF-α水平迅速升高，从第14天开始逐渐下降（p < 0.001）。治疗后第1天，GCF中PGRN/TNF-α摩尔比水平较基线显著下降，然后从第14天到第1个月逐渐升高（p < 0.001）。两组之间以及各时间点的血清参数无差异（p≥0.05），而在基线时，GCF中PGRN与IL-1β、TNF-α水平之间存在强正相关（p < 0.001）。
NSPT后早期愈合阶段的每个时间点，GCF中PGRN总量水平与IL-1β平行逐渐下降。GCF中PGRN和PGRN/TNF-α摩尔比的变化可能与牙周疾病及治疗后结果相关（ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT05535049）。
前颗粒蛋白（PGRN）是一种具有复杂生理功能的蛋白质，可产生促进炎症和抗炎活性的颗粒蛋白肽。本研究旨在评估牙周疾病存在时的PGRN水平以及非手术牙周治疗（NSPT）后的局部和全身变化。本研究纳入了牙周炎（试验组）（n = 24）和牙周健康（对照组）（n = 24）两组。在基线和NSPT后的不同时间点，对血清和龈沟液（GCF）样本中的PGRN、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和IL-10水平进行评估。牙周炎患者的GCF中PGRN总量水平较高。NSPT后，牙周炎患者从第14天起其水平下降，与炎症和再生介质平行。然而，在早期愈合阶段结束时，治疗后PGRN/TNF-α摩尔比水平升高。分子介质有望成为牙周治疗中的诊断和治疗工具。未来，监测牙周治疗前后GCF中PGRN水平可能有助于个性化护理。
