Pashova-Tasseva Zdravka, Mlachkova Antoaneta, Kotsilkov Kamen, Maynalovska Hristina
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Genes (Basel). 2025 Jul 28;16(8):891. doi: 10.3390/genes16080891.
Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease with complex etiopathogenesis involving microbial dysbiosis, host immune response, environmental factors, and genetic susceptibility. Among the cytokines implicated in periodontal immunoregulation, () has emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory mediator with potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. This narrative review evaluates the role of in periodontal disease by exploring its local and systemic expression, response to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), and association with clinical disease severity. Additionally, current evidence regarding gene polymorphisms and their potential contribution to individual susceptibility and disease progression, as well as their relevance in related systemic conditions, is assessed. A comprehensive review and synthesis of recent clinical and experimental studies were conducted, focusing on levels in saliva, serum, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among patients with healthy periodontium, gingivitis, and various stages of periodontitis, both before and after NSPT. Emphasis was placed on longitudinal studies evaluating dynamics in correlation with periodontal parameters, as well as genetic association studies investigating and gene polymorphisms. levels were generally found to be higher in healthy individuals and reduced in periodontitis patients, indicating a possible protective role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis. Following NSPT, levels significantly increased, corresponding with clinical improvement and reduced inflammatory burden. Genetic studies revealed variable associations between polymorphisms and susceptibility to periodontitis and related systemic conditions, although further research is needed for validation. appears to function as a modulator of immune resolution in periodontal disease, with potential utility as a non-invasive biomarker for disease activity and therapeutic response. Its upregulation during periodontal healing supports its role in promoting tissue stabilization. The integration of cytokine profiling and genetic screening may enhance personalized risk assessment and targeted interventions in periodontal care.
牙周炎是一种常见的慢性炎症性疾病，其发病机制复杂，涉及微生物群落失调、宿主免疫反应、环境因素和遗传易感性。在参与牙周免疫调节的细胞因子中，（）已成为一种具有潜在诊断和治疗意义的新型抗炎介质。本叙述性综述通过探讨其局部和全身表达、对非手术牙周治疗（NSPT）的反应以及与临床疾病严重程度的关联，评估了（）在牙周疾病中的作用。此外，还评估了有关（）基因多态性及其对个体易感性和疾病进展的潜在贡献，以及它们在相关全身疾病中的相关性的现有证据。对近期临床和实验研究进行了全面综述和综合分析，重点关注健康牙周、牙龈炎和不同阶段牙周炎患者在NSPT前后唾液、血清和龈沟液（GCF）中的（）水平。重点是评估与牙周参数相关的（）动态变化的纵向研究，以及调查（）和（）基因多态性的遗传关联研究。通常发现（）水平在健康个体中较高，而在牙周炎患者中降低，这表明其在维持牙周稳态中可能具有保护作用。NSPT后，（）水平显著升高，与临床改善和炎症负担减轻相对应。遗传研究揭示了（）多态性与牙周炎易感性及相关全身疾病之间存在可变关联，尽管还需要进一步研究进行验证。（）似乎在牙周疾病中作为免疫消退的调节因子发挥作用，具有作为疾病活动和治疗反应的非侵入性生物标志物的潜在用途。其在牙周愈合过程中的上调支持了其在促进组织稳定中的作用。细胞因子谱分析和基因筛查的整合可能会加强牙周护理中的个性化风险评估和靶向干预。
