Lee Ji Young, Lee Seulbi, Lamichhane Dirga Kumar, Shrestha Sabina, Kim Eunji, Oh Jongmin, Lee Whanhee, Park Myung-Sook, Hong Yun-Chul, Park Hyesook, Kim Yangho, Ha Mina, Ha Eunhee, Lee Jin Hwa
Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
Big Data Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, South Korea.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 25;15(1):31250. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16838-0.
Prenatal exposure to climate factors, air pollution, and green space has been linked to respiratory diseases in infants. However, the role of the combined effects of exposure to these factors on respiratory ailments remains unclear. Here we investigate the association of combined exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), climate factors, and green space during the prenatal period with respiratory diseases in infants. We enrolled 454 participants from the ongoing prospective birth cohort known as the Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study. Data on infant respiratory diseases were collected from parents or guardians. Average exposure values of TRAP, climate factors, and green spaces for the study population were calculated based on geocoded residential addresses. Multiple logistic regression and quantile-based g-calculation models were utilized to examine the association of exposure to environmental factors and green space with respiratory diseases. The combined exposure to climate factors and TRAP during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases in infants. High levels of particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM) and temperature increased the risk of respiratory diseases (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.615, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001, 2.658). Additionally, the risk of respiratory diseases from exposure to air pollution and temperature was associated with lower tertiles of residential green spaces. The AOR was 1.064 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.133) per 1 µg/m increase in PM, 1.057 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.116) per 1 ppb increase in NO, and 1.108 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.176) per 1 ℃ increase in temperature. Incorporating green space into the analysis of joint exposure to climate factors and air pollution reduced the risk of respiratory disease. This study proposes that combined exposures to climate factors, TRAP, and green spaces during pregnancy are associated with infant respiratory diseases. Fewer residential green spaces could enhance the association of climate factors and air pollution with respiratory diseases.
产前暴露于气候因素、空气污染和绿地环境与婴儿呼吸系统疾病有关。然而，这些因素的综合暴露对呼吸系统疾病的作用仍不明确。在此，我们调查了产前暴露于交通相关空气污染（TRAP）、气候因素和绿地环境与婴儿呼吸系统疾病之间的关联。我们从正在进行的前瞻性出生队列“母婴环境健康研究”中招募了454名参与者。婴儿呼吸系统疾病的数据由父母或监护人提供。根据地理编码的居住地址计算研究人群的TRAP、气候因素和绿地环境的平均暴露值。采用多元逻辑回归和基于分位数的g计算模型来检验环境因素暴露和绿地环境与呼吸系统疾病之间的关联。孕期头三个月气候因素和TRAP的综合暴露与婴儿呼吸系统疾病风险增加有关。直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物（PM）和气温升高会增加呼吸系统疾病风险（调整优势比（AOR）：1.615，95%置信区间（CI）：1.001，2.658）。此外，空气污染和气温暴露导致的呼吸系统疾病风险与居住绿地较低的三分位数有关。每增加1微克/立方米的PM，AOR为1.064（95%CI：1.001，1.133）；每增加1 ppb的NO，AOR为1.057（95%CI：1.001，1.116）；每升高1℃的温度，AOR为1.108（95%CI：1.001，1.176）。将绿地环境纳入气候因素和空气污染联合暴露的分析中可降低呼吸系统疾病风险。本研究表明，孕期气候因素、TRAP和绿地环境的综合暴露与婴儿呼吸系统疾病有关。居住绿地较少可能会增强气候因素和空气污染与呼吸系统疾病之间的关联。
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