Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Center for Computational Sciences, the University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(49):74197-74207. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21064-6. Epub 2022 May 30.
Combined effects of global warming and rapid urbanization replace green spaces with urban facilities. Children in urban areas are at a higher risk of heat-related adverse health effects. Our study aimed to examine the protective effect of urban green space on heat-related respiratory hospitalization among children under 5 years of age in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. We estimated district-specific meteorological conditions from 2010 to 2014 by using a dynamic downscaling approach with a fine-resolution numerical climate model. The green space in each district was calculated using satellite data. The attributable fraction of heat-related respiratory hospitalization was estimated using a two-stage model, including a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) coupled with multivariate meta-analysis. The association between heat-related respiratory hospitalization and green spaces at the district level was explored using a linear regression model. The central districts were more crowded and hotter, with less green spaces than the outer districts. At temperatures > 34 °C (extreme heat threshold), the hospitalizations in the central districts increased significantly; however, in the outer districts, the hospitalization rate was insignificant. On average, extreme heat attributed 0.33% to citywide hospitalization, 0.35% in the center, and 0.32% in the outer region. Every 1% increase in the green space fraction will reduce heat-related respiratory hospitalization risk by 3.8%. Heat significantly increased the risk of respiratory hospitalization among children under 5 years in Hanoi, Vietnam. These findings are valuable for authorities to consider strategies to protect children's health against the effects of heat, including increasing green space.
全球变暖与快速城市化的综合影响使得城市绿地被城市设施取代。城市地区的儿童面临更高的与热相关的不良健康影响的风险。我们的研究旨在检验城市绿地对越南首都河内 5 岁以下儿童与热相关的呼吸道住院的保护作用。我们使用细分辨率数值气候模型的动态降尺度方法来估计 2010 年至 2014 年各地区的特定气象条件。使用卫星数据计算每个地区的绿地。使用两阶段模型（包括分布式滞后非线性模型（DLNM）与多元荟萃分析相结合）估计与热相关的呼吸道住院的归因分数。使用线性回归模型探索区县级别的热相关呼吸道住院与绿地之间的关系。中心区比外区拥挤、炎热，绿地较少。在温度>34°C（极端热阈值）时，中心区的住院人数显著增加；然而，在外区，住院率没有显著变化。平均而言，极端热导致全市住院的 0.33%归因于城市，中心区为 0.35%，外区为 0.32%。绿地比例每增加 1%，与热相关的呼吸道住院风险将降低 3.8%。热显著增加了越南河内 5 岁以下儿童呼吸道住院的风险。这些发现对当局考虑保护儿童健康免受热影响的策略很有价值，包括增加绿地。
