二手烟暴露感知与抑郁症之间的关联独立于生物标志物测量的暴露情况。

Association between perceived exposure to secondhand smoke and depression independent of biomarker-measured exposure.

作者信息

Lee Dongkyu, Kim Hyeon Chang, Jung Young-Chul, Jung Sun Jae

机构信息

Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 25;25(1):2917. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23967-8.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23967-8

PMID:40855424

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12376406/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Perceived exposure to secondhand smoke has previously not been distinguished from actual exposure dose when considering the association with depression. This cross-sectional study evaluated whether perceived exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with depression after adjusting for biomarker-based exposure.

METHODS

Adult non-smokers and ex-smokers ( = 16,926) were sampled from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2020 biennially. Perceived exposure was defined by self-reported indoor secondhand smoke exposure in workplaces, households, or public locations in the past 7 days. Urine cotinine was used as the biomarker-measured exposure to secondhand smoke. Depression was defined as scoring 10 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Logistic regression evaluated the association between perceived exposure and depression while adjusting for biomarker-based exposure, demographics, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities.

RESULTS

Perceived exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–1.95). Perceived exposure in occupational (aOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.17–2.25), household (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.14–2.13), and public (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.28–1.93) settings showed similar strengths of association with depression. Perceived exposure in one location (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.20–1.85) to three locations (aOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.55–6.07) showed dose–response associations with depression.

CONCLUSIONS

Perceived exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with depression independent of actual biological exposure. Creating comprehensive smokefree environments should be prioritized to protect the general population from depression, with additional measures to reduce sensory cues of secondhand smoke where complete bans are not yet feasible.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-025-23967-8.

摘要

背景

在考虑与抑郁症的关联时，既往未将感知二手烟暴露与实际暴露剂量区分开来。这项横断面研究评估了在调整基于生物标志物的暴露因素后，感知二手烟暴露是否与抑郁症相关。

方法

从2014年至2020年每两年进行一次的韩国国家健康与营养检查调查中抽取成年非吸烟者和既往吸烟者（n = 16,926）。感知暴露通过过去7天内在工作场所、家庭或公共场所自我报告的室内二手烟暴露来定义。尿可替宁用作生物标志物测量的二手烟暴露指标。抑郁症定义为患者健康问卷-9得分10分及以上。逻辑回归在调整基于生物标志物的暴露、人口统计学、社会经济状况和合并症的同时，评估感知暴露与抑郁症之间的关联。

结果

感知二手烟暴露与抑郁症相关（调整后的优势比[aOR]：1.60，95%置信区间[CI]：1.31–1.95）。在职业场所（aOR：1.62，95% CI：1.17–2.25）、家庭（aOR：1.56，95% CI：1.14–2.13）和公共场所（aOR：1.57，95% CI：1.28–1.93）的感知暴露与抑郁症的关联强度相似。在一个场所（aOR：1.49，95% CI：1.20–1.85）至三个场所（aOR：3.06，95% CI：1.55–6.07）的感知暴露与抑郁症呈剂量反应关联。