Lee Jun Young, Cho Myung Ho, Lee Jiwoong, Lee Jong Soo
Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Biomedical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
J Korean Med Sci. 2025 Aug 25;40(33):e202. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e202.
Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that includes obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, has been linked to increased IOP. This study investigated the relationship between IOP and metabolic syndrome risk factors in an adult Korean population.
Data from 1,896 adults (aged 19-59 years) from the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The exclusion criteria were age < 19 years; use of anti-glaucoma medications or anti-inflammatory eye drops; history of glaucoma, retinal, or refractive surgery; and a diagnosis of glaucoma. Metabolic syndrome risk factors, including blood pressure, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, body mass index, abdominal obesity, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were examined for their association with ocular hypertension (OHT) using multivariate logistic regression.
Participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 383, 20.3%) demonstrated a higher mean IOP (16.05 ± 0.15 mmHg) compared with the normal group (15.33 ± 0.09 mmHg; < 0.001). OHT was present in 33 patients (1.2%), and its prevalence did not differ significantly between the normal and metabolic syndrome groups. In multiple linear regression, risk factors, including hyperglycemia ( = 0.037) and hypertriglyceridemia ( = 0.027), were significantly associated with IOP. Abdominal obesity showed a strong association with OHT in multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 2.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-6.23; = 0.007).
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome, particularly abdominal obesity, were strongly associated with OHT. These findings emphasize the importance of regular IOP screening to prevent glaucoma progression in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
青光眼是全球第二大致盲原因，与眼内压（IOP）升高有关。代谢综合征是一组包括肥胖、高血压、高血糖和血脂异常的病症，已被证明与IOP升高有关。本研究调查了韩国成年人群中IOP与代谢综合征风险因素之间的关系。
分析了2021年韩国国民健康与营养检查调查中1896名成年人（年龄19 - 59岁）的数据。排除标准为年龄<19岁；使用抗青光眼药物或抗炎眼药水；有青光眼、视网膜或屈光手术史；以及被诊断为青光眼。使用多因素逻辑回归分析代谢综合征风险因素，包括血压、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估、体重指数、腹型肥胖、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高眼压（OHT）的关联。
代谢综合征患者（n = 383，20.3%）的平均IOP（16.05±0.15 mmHg）高于正常组（15.33±0.09 mmHg；P<0.001）。33例患者（1.2%）存在OHT，其在正常组和代谢综合征组之间的患病率无显著差异。在多元线性回归中，高血糖（β = 0.037）和高甘油三酯血症（β = 0.027）等风险因素与IOP显著相关。在多因素分析中，腹型肥胖与OHT有很强的关联（比值比，2.90；95%置信区间，1.35 - 6.23；P = 0.007）。
代谢综合征的风险因素，尤其是腹型肥胖，与OHT密切相关。这些发现强调了定期进行IOP筛查对于预防代谢综合征患者青光眼进展的重要性。
