Swislocka Renata, Kowalczyk Natalia, Dabrowska Aleksandra, Choinska Renata, Lewandowski Wlodzimierz, Swiderski Grzegorz
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 26;15(1):31396. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13965-6.
Vanillic acid is a phenolic compound recognized for its use as a flavoring agent in the food industry. It can be found in a variety of products, such as thyme, rice, oranges, cherries, green tea, wine, and beer. Vanillic acid has been substantiated to show various beneficial pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antitumorigenic, free radical scavenging, antioxidant and even antivenomous activity. Since vanillic acid has low bioavailability, and bioavailability of a compound depends (among other factors) on its chemical structure, testing isomers of vanillic acid may yield promising results. Several structural and biological studies were carried out to determine the correlation between the molecular structure and biological activity of vanillic acid and its isomers (isovanillic acid and o-vanillic acid). Studies have shown that changes in the electronic structure of vanillic acids affect their different reactivity, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity. O-vanillic acid, characterized by the highest reactivity, is a weak antioxidant and the best cytotoxic compound. No direct correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity of vanillic acids and their toxic effect on model cell lines, probably due to the different mechanisms of action in the phenomena studied.
香草酸是一种酚类化合物，因其在食品工业中用作调味剂而闻名。它存在于多种产品中，如百里香、大米、橙子、樱桃、绿茶、葡萄酒和啤酒。香草酸已被证实具有多种有益的药理特性，包括抗炎、抗菌、心脏保护、肝脏保护、抗肿瘤、自由基清除、抗氧化甚至抗蛇毒活性。由于香草酸的生物利用度较低，而化合物的生物利用度（除其他因素外）取决于其化学结构，因此测试香草酸的异构体可能会产生有前景的结果。开展了多项结构和生物学研究，以确定香草酸及其异构体（异香草酸和邻香草酸）的分子结构与生物活性之间的相关性。研究表明，香草酸电子结构的变化会影响其不同的反应性、抗氧化活性和细胞毒性。邻香草酸的反应性最高，是一种弱抗氧化剂和最佳细胞毒性化合物。香草酸的抗氧化活性与其对模型细胞系的毒性作用之间未观察到直接相关性，这可能是由于所研究现象的作用机制不同。
