Peng Wen, Wang Yajing, Wei Manlin, Liu Shiba, Liu Kai, Xiao Ming, Zhang Runze, Wang Yuxiang, Zheng Yongjie, Fang Lue, Liu Yuxi, Zhu Chunpeng, Meng Weijing, Dong Chenyang, Ma Wanxin
College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100091, China.
BMC Microbiol. 2025 Aug 27;25(1):556. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04199-7.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of changes in rumen microbial adaptability on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion in Horqin beef cattle during different seasons of grazing and supplementary feeding. Four healthy female Horqin beef cattle were selected as experimental animals for grazing and supplementary feeding. The feed, feces, and rumen fluid were collected in spring (March), summer (June), autumn (September), and winter (December) to determine nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and microflora. The microflora was sequenced with 16S rRNA.
The results revealed that the rumen volatile fatty acid, ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein concentrations in summer were significantly higher than those in the other seasons (P < 0.05). The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extracts decreased significantly in autumn and winter (P < 0.05), especially in winter. Compared with autumn, the rumen bacterial diversity of beef cattle increased significantly in spring (P < 0.05). The results of the rumen microflora revealed that Prevotella was the most dominant bacteria in the rumen of beef cattle in summer, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was the most dominant bacteria in the other seasons. The low quality of forage in spring, autumn and winter resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, NK4A214_group, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, etc., which are associated with fibre decomposition. In addition, nucleotide metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism increased significantly in bacteria in the summer (P < 0.05).
The results revealed the dynamic adaptability of the rumen microbiota to seasonal and dietary changes and provide references for the grazing and supplementary feeding of Horqin beef cattle in different seasons.
本研究旨在探讨科尔沁肉牛在不同放牧和补饲季节瘤胃微生物适应性变化对瘤胃发酵和养分消化的影响。选取4头健康的科尔沁母肉牛作为放牧和补饲的实验动物。于春季（3月）、夏季（6月）、秋季（9月）和冬季（12月）采集饲料、粪便和瘤胃液，以测定养分消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物菌群。采用16S rRNA对微生物菌群进行测序。
结果显示，夏季瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸、氨氮和微生物蛋白浓度显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）。秋季和冬季干物质、有机物、粗蛋白和乙醚提取物的消化率显著降低（P<0.05），冬季尤为明显。与秋季相比，春季肉牛瘤胃细菌多样性显著增加（P<0.05）。瘤胃微生物菌群结果显示，普雷沃氏菌是夏季肉牛瘤胃中最主要的细菌，而另一个RC9肠道菌群科是其他季节中最主要的细菌。春、秋、冬季节饲草质量较差，导致与纤维分解相关的另一个RC9肠道菌群科、NK4A214菌群和克里斯滕森菌科R-7菌群等的相对丰度增加。此外，夏季细菌中的核苷酸代谢以及聚糖生物合成与代谢显著增加（P<0.05）。
研究结果揭示了瘤胃微生物群对季节和日粮变化的动态适应性，为科尔沁肉牛不同季节的放牧和补饲提供参考。
