Liu Xu, Chen Bo, Jin Yutian, Zhong Feiyan, Zhang Yunjuan, Li Yu, Zhang Yun, Cui Runhong, Wu Bing, Li Cui, Xu Sheng, Chen Xiaohong
The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Aug 22;104(34):e43976. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000043976.
Resistance training (RT) is a fundamental sarcopenia treatment, but its efficacy may be enhanced by nutritional strategies. This study investigated whether combining RT with vitamins C and E supplementation yields additive benefits in sarcopenia patients.
Sixty older women with sarcopenia (60-75 years) were randomized to an antioxidant supplementation group (AS; 1000 mg/d vitamin C and 335 mg/d vitamin E) or a placebo group (PLA) following the same elastic-band RT program. Muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, oxidative stress-related indices (reduced glutathione [GSH] and oxidized glutathione [GSSG], GSH/GSSG ratio, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl), and pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were evaluated at baseline and after the 12-week intervention.
After 12 weeks, muscle mass, strength, and physical performance significantly increased (P < .05) in both the AS and PLA groups. However, the AS group had higher increases in arm lean mass (Δ = 0.96 vs 0.59 kg; P = .003, d = 0.74), skeletal muscle mass index (Δ = 0.71 vs 0.42 kg/m²; P = .004, d = 0.71), handgrip strength (Δ = 3.66 vs 1.16 kg; P = .047, d = 0.51), and knee extension strength (Δ = 2.28 vs 1.02 kg; P < .001, d = 0.89) than the PLA group. There were no differences in physical performance between the RT conditions over time. Regarding blood parameters, the AS group had increased GSH (P < .001, d = 1.52) and GSH/GSSG ratio (P < .001, d = 1.52), and reduced GSSG (P < .001, d = 0.96) and malondialdehyde (P < .001, d = 1.65) compared to the PLA group. The serum levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha significantly decreased in the PLA and AS groups, but IL-6 was lower in the AS group than in the PLA group (P < .001, d = 1.16).
Vitamins C and E supplementation combined with RT for 12 weeks resulted in superior adaptations in muscle mass and strength compared with RT with placebo, and the underlying mechanism could be related to the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
抗阻训练（RT）是治疗肌肉减少症的基本方法，但其疗效可能通过营养策略得到增强。本研究调查了在肌肉减少症患者中，将抗阻训练与补充维生素C和E相结合是否能产生额外的益处。
60名患有肌肉减少症的老年女性（60 - 75岁）在进行相同的弹力带抗阻训练计划后，被随机分为抗氧化剂补充组（AS；每日补充1000毫克维生素C和335毫克维生素E）或安慰剂组（PLA）。在基线和12周干预后，评估肌肉质量、肌肉力量、身体机能、氧化应激相关指标（还原型谷胱甘肽[GSH]和氧化型谷胱甘肽[GSSG]、GSH/GSSG比值、丙二醛和蛋白质羰基）以及促炎因子（白细胞介素-6[IL-6]和肿瘤坏死因子-α）。
12周后，AS组和PLA组的肌肉质量、力量和身体机能均显著增加（P < 0.05）。然而，与PLA组相比，AS组的手臂瘦体重增加更多（Δ = 0.96 vs 0.59千克；P = 0.003，d = 0.74），骨骼肌质量指数增加更多（Δ = 0.71 vs 0.42千克/平方米；P = 0.004，d = 0.71），握力增加更多（Δ = 3.66 vs 1.16千克；P = 0.047，d = 0.51），膝关节伸展力量增加更多（Δ = 2.28 vs 1.02千克；P < 0.001，d = 0.89）。随着时间推移，不同抗阻训练条件下的身体机能没有差异。关于血液参数，与PLA组相比，AS组的GSH增加（P < 0.001，d = 1.52），GSH/GSSG比值增加（P < 0.001，d = 1.52），GSSG降低（P < 0.001，d = 0.96），丙二醛降低（P < 0.001，d = 1.65）。PLA组和AS组的血清IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平均显著降低，但AS组的IL-6低于PLA组（P < 0.001，d = 1.16）。
与抗阻训练加安慰剂相比，补充维生素C和E并结合抗阻训练12周能使肌肉质量和力量产生更优的适应性变化，其潜在机制可能与减轻氧化应激和炎症有关。
