Mustafa Adnan, Saeed Qudsia, Naveed Muhammad, Abid Iqra, Ghafoor Abdul, Bano Faiza, Brtnicky Martin, Munir Muhammad, Ahmad Zulfiqar, Mahmood Mohsin, Mehran Muhammad, Maqsood Nimra, Lu Xiankai
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
RSC Adv. 2025 Aug 21;15(36):29509-29527. doi: 10.1039/d5ra03240g. eCollection 2025 Aug 18.
Biochar and microbial bio-fertilizers, such as endophytic fungi and plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPEs), offer sustainable alternatives to chemical fertilizers by enhancing soil fertility and plant performance. However, their synergistic effects particularly those involving auxin (IAA) biosynthesis and nutrient uptake, remain underexplored in calcareous soils. This study investigates how the integration of biochar with auxin-producing microbial inoculants influences soil-plant interactions and canola productivity. A pot experiment was conducted using two (canola) cultivars (DGL and Faisal canola) grown under alkaline calcareous soil. Treatments included individual and combined applications of MN24 and , with and without biochar. Physiological traits, auxin concentrations (IAA), root and shoot biomass, nutrient uptake (N, P, K), seed quality, and soil microbial and enzymatic activities were measured. Results revealed that the combined application of biochar, MN24, and significantly enhanced plant biomass, stem diameter, and grain yield by up to 203%, 127%, and 212%, respectively, in Faisal canola compared to the control. Biochar also amplified the microbial colonization and enzymatic activity in soil, leading to higher microbial biomass, enhanced nutrient uptake, and reduced electrolyte leakage and osmotic potential, indicating improved plant performance. Notably, these improvements translated to higher canola seed quality, with elevated fat, ash, and fiber contents. Enhanced auxin synthesis, particularly in the presence of l-tryptophan, was linked to improved root architecture, microbial colonization, and reduced plant stress indicators. These findings suggest that biochar-microbe-l-tryptophan synergy offers a powerful tool for sustainable crop intensification in challenging soils by optimizing hormone-mediated soil-plant processes.
生物炭和微生物生物肥料，如内生真菌和促进植物生长的内生菌（PGPEs），通过提高土壤肥力和植物性能，为化肥提供了可持续的替代品。然而，它们的协同效应，特别是那些涉及生长素（IAA）生物合成和养分吸收的效应，在石灰性土壤中仍未得到充分研究。本研究调查了生物炭与产生生长素的微生物接种剂的整合如何影响土壤-植物相互作用和油菜生产力。在碱性石灰性土壤上进行了盆栽试验，使用了两个（油菜）品种（DGL和费萨尔油菜）。处理包括单独和联合施用MN24和，有或没有生物炭。测量了生理特征、生长素浓度（IAA）、根和地上部生物量、养分吸收（N、P、K）、种子质量以及土壤微生物和酶活性。结果表明，与对照相比，生物炭、MN24和的联合施用使费萨尔油菜的植物生物量、茎直径和籽粒产量分别显著提高了203%、127%和212%。生物炭还增强了土壤中的微生物定殖和酶活性，导致更高的微生物生物量、增强的养分吸收以及减少的电解质渗漏和渗透势，表明植物性能得到改善。值得注意的是，这些改善转化为更高的油菜种子质量，脂肪、灰分和纤维含量增加。生长素合成的增强，特别是在存在L-色氨酸的情况下，与改善的根系结构、微生物定殖和降低的植物胁迫指标有关。这些发现表明，生物炭-微生物-L-色氨酸协同作用通过优化激素介导的土壤-植物过程，为在具有挑战性的土壤中实现可持续作物集约化提供了一个有力工具。
