Sakthivel Surya Krishna, Vennapusa Amaranatha Reddy, Melmaiee Kalpalatha
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States.
Front Genet. 2025 Aug 11;16:1599242. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1599242. eCollection 2025.
Vegetatively propagated polyploid crops such as potato, strawberry, sugarcane, and banana play a crucial role in global agriculture by meeting essential nutritional and food demands. The quality of the economically important traits in these crops is significantly affected by global climate change. However, their complex genomes and clonal propagation nature pose significant challenges for traditional breeding to improve quality and climate-resilient traits. Transgenics and genome editing offer promising solutions in crop improvement to enhance yield, quality, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite these advancements, several challenges persist, such as a lack of genotype-independent transformation protocols, random transgene integration, unintended mutations, and somaclonal variation. The complexity of polyploid genomes also necessitates optimizing editing tools to improve precision and efficiency. Regulatory hurdles and public acceptance further influence the commercial success of genetically engineered crops. Employing efficient transgene-free genome-editing platforms can help to overcome the regulatory hurdles and accelerate breeding even in heterozygous backgrounds. This review reports the recent progress, obstacles, and prospects of transgenics and genome editing in vegetatively propagated crops, namely, potato, strawberry, banana, and sugarcane, focusing on quality and climate-resilient traits and methods to address technical challenges and navigate regulatory hurdles. The reported advancements in genetic engineering approaches for addressing challenges in improving the vegetatively propagated polyploid crops have tremendous potential in ensuring food security and agricultural sustainability in the face of climate change.
像马铃薯、草莓、甘蔗和香蕉等通过营养繁殖的多倍体作物，在满足基本营养和食物需求方面对全球农业起着至关重要的作用。这些作物中具有经济重要性的性状质量受到全球气候变化的显著影响。然而，它们复杂的基因组和克隆繁殖特性给传统育种在改善品质和抗气候性状方面带来了重大挑战。转基因技术和基因组编辑为作物改良提供了有前景的解决方案，以提高产量、品质以及对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。尽管有这些进展，但仍存在一些挑战，例如缺乏不依赖基因型的转化方案、转基因随机整合、意外突变和体细胞克隆变异。多倍体基因组的复杂性也需要优化编辑工具以提高精准度和效率。监管障碍和公众接受度进一步影响了转基因作物的商业成功。采用高效的无转基因基因组编辑平台有助于克服监管障碍，并即使在杂合背景下也能加速育种。本综述报告了转基因技术和基因组编辑在营养繁殖作物（即马铃薯、草莓、香蕉和甘蔗）中的最新进展、障碍和前景，重点关注品质和抗气候性状以及应对技术挑战和跨越监管障碍的方法。所报道的在解决营养繁殖多倍体作物改良挑战方面的基因工程方法进展，在面对气候变化确保粮食安全和农业可持续性方面具有巨大潜力。
