心血管疾病的负担:应对与肥胖相关的全球心血管危机
The Weight of Cardiovascular Diseases: Addressing the Global Cardiovascular Crisis Associated with Obesity.
作者信息
Lopez-Jimenez Francisco, Di Cesare Mariachiara, Powis Jaynaide, Shrikhande Shreya, Adeoye Marvellous, Codato Elisa, Zhou Bin, Bixby Honor, Evans Natalie, Lara-Breitinger Kyla, Rodriguez Mariana Arellano, Hadeed Lisa, Barquera Simon, Taylor Sean, Perel Pablo, Pineiro Daniel, Narula Jagat, Pinto Fausto
机构信息
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
出版信息
Glob Heart. 2025 Aug 21;20(1):68. doi: 10.5334/gh.1451. eCollection 2025.
Obesity is a growing global epidemic with significant implications for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It couples as an independent risk factor and driver for multiple pathways leading to CVDs. Here we examine obesity's impact on CVD and propose actionable strategies. Data from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Global Burden of Disease (GBD) survey, and regional health surveys databases were used. We examined trends in obesity prevalence and CVD mortality attributable to high body mass index (BMI), disaggregated by sex, geography, socioeconomic status, and urban-rural residence. Evidence from national policy initiatives and clinical management guidelines was also reviewed. As of 2022, over 1 billion people globally were living with obesity. Since 1990 the age-standardised obesity prevalence has doubled among women (from 8.8% to 18.5%) and tripled among men (from 4.8% to 14%). Globally, the number of annual CVD deaths attributable to high BMI (25 kg/m or over) more than doubled between 1990 and 2021, reaching 1.9 million in 2021. Reducing global obesity to 2019 levels could save an estimated US$2.2 trillion annually by 2060. Positive steps have been made in recent years, with the implementation of several global, national and local initiatives that show promise in tackling obesity and CVDs, in addition to the emergence of potentially game-changing medical interventions, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). Yet, to tackle obesity and associated CVD, there is a need for a holistic approach across clinical and public health interventions that accounts for the multiple determinants of obesity. We recommend the implementation of evidence-based, cost-effective public health measures, and the incorporation of obesity-specific recommendations into cardiovascular guidelines. Addressing the global cardiovascular crisis linked to obesity will require coordinated efforts from policymakers, healthcare systems, and global health organisations.
肥胖是一种日益严重的全球性流行病,对心血管疾病(CVD)有着重大影响。它既是导致心血管疾病的独立风险因素,也是多种致病途径的驱动因素。在此,我们研究肥胖对心血管疾病的影响,并提出可行的策略。我们使用了来自非传染性疾病风险因素协作组(NCD-RisC)、全球疾病负担(GBD)调查以及区域健康调查数据库的数据。我们研究了肥胖患病率以及因高体重指数(BMI)导致的心血管疾病死亡率的趋势,并按性别、地理位置、社会经济地位和城乡居住地进行了分类。我们还审查了国家政策举措和临床管理指南方面的证据。截至2022年,全球超过10亿人患有肥胖症。自1990年以来,年龄标准化肥胖患病率在女性中翻了一番(从8.8%增至18.5%),在男性中增至三倍(从4.8%增至14%)。在全球范围内,1990年至2021年间,因高BMI(25千克/平方米及以上)导致的年度心血管疾病死亡人数增加了一倍多,2021年达到190万。到2060年,将全球肥胖率降至2019年的水平,每年估计可节省2.2万亿美元。近年来已经采取了积极措施,实施了多项全球、国家和地方举措,这些举措在应对肥胖和心血管疾病方面展现出前景,此外还出现了可能改变局面的医学干预措施,如胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RAs)。然而,要应对肥胖及相关心血管疾病,需要在临床和公共卫生干预方面采取整体方法,考虑到肥胖的多重决定因素。我们建议实施基于证据、具有成本效益的公共卫生措施,并将针对肥胖症的建议纳入心血管指南。应对与肥胖相关的全球心血管危机需要政策制定者、医疗保健系统和全球卫生组织的共同努力。
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