Zhang Xuan, Shao Ji, Dai Ningxin, Li Huimin, Guo Yongwei, Ye Juan, Lou Lixia
Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Aug 8;12:1647489. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1647489. eCollection 2025.
To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of a portable structured light-based three-dimensional (3D) imaging system for volumetric measurement in the periorbital region.
Five hemispherical 3D printed resin models with different sizes and colors, including the flesh-colored models with 6 (Model 1), 4 (Model 2), and 2 (Model 3) mm in diameter, and the black (Model 4) and gray (Model 5) models with 6 mm in diameter, were affixed to the lower eyelid or upper eyelid of 40 volunteers. One researcher used the portable 3D imaging system to collect the 3D images and two raters measured the volume of the models on images. Intra-device, intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities and accuracy of the volumetric measurement were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean absolute difference (MAD), technical error of measurement (TEM), relative error measurement (REM), and relative TEM (rTEM).
The intra-device reliability of the 3D imaging system for volumetric measurement in the periorbital region was excellent (ICC = 0.922, MAD = 0.11 mm, TEM = 0.09 mm, REM = 0.19%, rTEM = 0.15%). The intra-rater reliability for volumetric measurement of the Model 1 on the lower eyelid was the highest (ICC = 0.953, MAD = 0.08 mm, TEM = 0.06 mm, REM = 0.13%, rTEM = 0.11%). The inter-rater reliability for volumetric measurement of the Model 1 on the lower eyelid was the highest (ICC = 0.889, MAD = 0.14 mm, TEM = 0.11 mm, REM = 0.24%, rTEM = 0.19%). The accuracy for volumetric measurement of the Model 1 on the lower eyelid was the highest (MAD = 0.24 mm, REM = 0.43%).
The portable 3D imaging system proved to measure the volumes of periorbital flesh-colored objects reliably and accurately. This finding demonstrated that this device has great potential for diagnosis, post-operative evaluation, and long-term follow-up of volumetric changes in oculoplastics.
评估一种基于便携式结构光的三维（3D）成像系统在眶周区域进行容积测量的可靠性和准确性。
将五个不同尺寸和颜色的半球形3D打印树脂模型，包括直径为6毫米（模型1）、4毫米（模型2）和2毫米（模型3）的肉色模型，以及直径为6毫米的黑色（模型4）和灰色（模型5）模型，粘贴到40名志愿者的下眼睑或上眼睑上。一名研究人员使用便携式3D成像系统采集3D图像，两名评估人员测量图像上模型的体积。通过组内相关系数（ICC）、平均绝对差（MAD）、测量技术误差（TEM）、相对误差测量（REM）和相对TEM（rTEM）评估容积测量的设备内、评估人员内和评估人员间的可靠性和准确性。
3D成像系统在眶周区域进行容积测量的设备内可靠性极佳（ICC = 0.922，MAD = 0.11毫米，TEM = 0.09毫米，REM = 0.19%，rTEM = 0.15%）。模型1在下眼睑上进行容积测量的评估人员内可靠性最高（ICC = 0.953，MAD = 0.08毫米，TEM = 0.06毫米，REM = 0.13%，rTEM = 0.11%）。模型1在下眼睑上进行容积测量的评估人员间可靠性最高（ICC = 0.889，MAD = 0.14毫米，TEM = 0.11毫米，REM = 0.24%，rTEM = 0.19%）。模型1在下眼睑上进行容积测量的准确性最高（MAD = 0.24毫米，REM = 0.43%）。
便携式3D成像系统被证明能够可靠且准确地测量眶周肉色物体的体积。这一发现表明该设备在眼部整形容积变化的诊断、术后评估和长期随访方面具有巨大潜力。
