Droz Boris, Heron Christopher G, Kim-Fu Mitchell L, Reardon Patrick N, Roig-Paul Mireia, Field Jennifer A
Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
ACS Meas Sci Au. 2025 Jun 20;5(4):399-423. doi: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00021. eCollection 2025 Aug 20.
The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the nomenclature, structure, and properties of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that dictate the selection of analytical methods for analyzing PFAS in treated semiconductor wastewater. The review is organized by introducing the fundamental concepts of how structure dictates the physical-chemical properties of PFAS and how these properties determine the suitability and applicability of standardized analytical methods for individual PFAS as well as methods for total fluorine. Structures for PFAS measured in semiconductor wastewater or known to be in use by industry are given with tables intended as guidance for method selection. This review includes current guidance on sample collection, storage, and handling along with a comparison of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and American Society for Testing and Materials analytical methods for target PFAS as well as methods for ultrashort PFAS. Methods are reviewed for volatile PFAS in wastewater as well as workflows for suspect and nontarget nonvolatile and volatile PFAS. Nonspecific methods for PFAS including the total oxidizable precursor assay, total fluorine analyses, and extractable and adsorbable organic fluorine assays are reviewed. Alternative detectors for total fluorine are reviewed along with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and sensors for online wastewater monitoring.
本综述的重点是概述全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的命名、结构和性质，这些因素决定了处理后的半导体废水中PFAS分析方法的选择。本综述通过介绍结构如何决定PFAS的物理化学性质，以及这些性质如何决定针对单个PFAS的标准化分析方法以及总氟分析方法的适用性和实用性的基本概念来组织。给出了在半导体废水中测量的或已知行业中使用的PFAS的结构，并附上表格作为方法选择的指导。本综述包括当前关于样品采集、储存和处理的指南，以及美国环境保护局和美国材料与试验协会针对目标PFAS以及超短链PFAS的分析方法的比较。对废水中挥发性PFAS的方法以及可疑和非目标非挥发性和挥发性PFAS的工作流程进行了综述。对PFAS的非特异性方法进行了综述，包括总可氧化前体测定、总氟分析以及可萃取和可吸附有机氟测定。对总氟的替代检测器以及用于在线废水监测的核磁共振光谱和传感器进行了综述。
