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感染性心内膜炎致病微生物的分布及其相关死亡风险:来自英国北威尔士的一项单中心研究

Distribution of Causative Organisms in Infective Endocarditis and Their Associated Mortality Risk: A Single-Centre Study From North Wales, United Kingdom.

作者信息

Ekwueme Daniel E, Dahr Stephanie, Grinstead Lauren, Rind Irfan Ali

机构信息

Internal Medicine, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, GBR.

Cardiology, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, GBR.

出版信息

Cureus. 2025 Aug 22;17(8):e90759. doi: 10.7759/cureus.90759. eCollection 2025 Aug.

Abstract

Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of the endocardial surface, most commonly affecting native or prosthetic valves and intracardiac devices. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, IE continues to carry a high mortality risk. Blood cultures remain a cornerstone of diagnosis, typically yielding positive results and enabling identification of the causative organisms. is now recognised as the most prevalent pathogen, particularly in healthcare-associated and intravenous drug use-related cases, and is associated with worse outcomes. Other commonly implicated organisms include streptococci and enterococci. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of causative pathogens and their associated mortality risk in patients diagnosed with IE at the Wrexham Maelor Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. Method A retrospective cohort study was conducted using patient data from the Welsh Clinical Portal at the Wrexham Maelor Hospital, covering the period from June 2022 to May 2025. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had a confirmed diagnosis of IE based on the modified Duke criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test to evaluate associations between pathogen type and mortality. Results A total of 50 patients with positive blood cultures were included. was the most frequently isolated organism (n=19; 38%), followed by polymicrobial infections (n=7; 14%),  (n=4; 8%), and  (n=3; 6%). , , and each accounted for 4% (n=2), with the remaining 2% (n=1) comprising less common pathogens. Twenty-three deaths were recorded, with the highest mortality observed in the culture-negative group (n=6). No statistically significant correlation was found between the pathogen type and mortality. Conclusion While was the most frequently isolated pathogen, the highest mortality occurred in patients with culture-negative IE. This may reflect the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by the absence of microbiological confirmation, potentially delaying appropriate, targeted antimicrobial therapy. These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis, empiric antimicrobial coverage, and timely treatment adjustments to improve outcomes in IE, particularly in culture-negative presentations.

摘要

背景 感染性心内膜炎(IE)是一种危及生命的心内膜表面感染,最常影响天然瓣膜或人工瓣膜以及心内装置。尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进展,但IE仍然具有较高的死亡风险。血培养仍然是诊断的基石,通常能得出阳性结果并有助于识别致病微生物。金黄色葡萄球菌现在被认为是最常见的病原体,特别是在医疗保健相关和静脉药物使用相关的病例中,并且与更差的预后相关。其他常见的相关微生物包括链球菌和肠球菌。本研究旨在调查英国北威尔士雷克瑟姆梅勒医院诊断为IE的患者中致病病原体的分布及其相关的死亡风险。方法 使用雷克瑟姆梅勒医院威尔士临床门户网站的患者数据进行了一项回顾性队列研究,涵盖2022年6月至2025年5月期间。如果患者根据改良的杜克标准确诊为IE,则符合纳入条件。使用卡方检验或费舍尔精确检验进行统计分析,以评估病原体类型与死亡率之间的关联。结果 共纳入50例血培养阳性的患者。金黄色葡萄球菌是最常分离出的微生物(n = 19;38%),其次是多微生物感染(n = 7;14%),凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(n = 4;8%),以及草绿色链球菌(n = 3;6%)。肺炎链球菌、肠球菌和念珠菌各占4%(n = 2),其余2%(n = 1)包括不太常见的病原体。记录了23例死亡病例,培养阴性组的死亡率最高(n = 6)。未发现病原体类型与死亡率之间存在统计学上的显著相关性。结论 虽然金黄色葡萄球菌是最常分离出的病原体,但培养阴性的IE患者死亡率最高。这可能反映了缺乏微生物学确认所带来的诊断和治疗挑战,可能会延迟适当的、有针对性的抗菌治疗。这些发现凸显了早期诊断、经验性抗菌覆盖以及及时调整治疗以改善IE患者预后的重要性,特别是在培养阴性的情况下。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/56de/12375263/839a6214b9db/cureus-0017-00000090759-i01.jpg

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