Papapetros Dimitrios, Nylander Karin, Kalfas Sotirios
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Jul 31;13(8):350. doi: 10.3390/dj13080350.
: This study aims to explore the histological dimensions of the gingiva and the alveolar mucosa and to evaluate their associations with gingival phenotypic parameters, including gingival thickness (GT), keratinized tissue width (KTW), and gingival transparency. Histological and clinical assessments were performed on 45 healthy volunteers. Gingival and mucosal tissue samples were collected from the mucogingival junction region of one maxillary central incisor. Histomorphometric analysis included measurements of gingival and mucosal thickness, epithelial thickness, connective tissue thickness, epithelial papilla length and density, and keratinization. Clinical parameters included KTW and probe visibility upon insertion into the gingival sulcus. Correlations were statistically analyzed between clinical and histological parameters. Probe visibility showed no significant correlations with any assessed parameter. Histological gingival thickness strongly correlated with gingival connective tissue thickness, moderately with epithelial thickness and papilla length, and weakly with papilla density. Mucosal thickness was strongly associated with connective tissue thickness and moderately with keratinization, but not with other parameters. KTW exhibited weak correlations with epithelial thickness and papilla length. Variability in gingival and mucosal thickness is primarily determined by connective tissue thickness, with a smaller contribution from the epithelium. Increased thickness is associated with longer, sparser epithelial papillae and with a tendency toward higher keratinization. KTW is significantly associated with epithelial thickness and papilla length, underscoring its relevance in gingival phenotype characterization.
本研究旨在探究牙龈和牙槽黏膜的组织学维度，并评估它们与牙龈表型参数的相关性，包括牙龈厚度（GT）、角化组织宽度（KTW）和牙龈透明度。对45名健康志愿者进行了组织学和临床评估。从一颗上颌中切牙的龈黏膜交界处采集牙龈和黏膜组织样本。组织形态计量分析包括测量牙龈和黏膜厚度、上皮厚度、结缔组织厚度、上皮乳头长度和密度以及角化情况。临床参数包括KTW和探针插入牙龈沟时的可视性。对临床和组织学参数之间的相关性进行了统计分析。探针可视性与任何评估参数均无显著相关性。组织学牙龈厚度与牙龈结缔组织厚度密切相关，与上皮厚度和乳头长度中度相关，与乳头密度弱相关。黏膜厚度与结缔组织厚度密切相关，与角化中度相关，但与其他参数无关。KTW与上皮厚度和乳头长度呈弱相关。牙龈和黏膜厚度的变异性主要由结缔组织厚度决定，上皮的贡献较小。厚度增加与更长、更稀疏的上皮乳头以及更高的角化倾向相关。KTW与上皮厚度和乳头长度显著相关，突出了其在牙龈表型特征描述中的相关性。
