Hoteit Maha, Khattar Maroun, Derassoyan Jennifer, Abou Khalil Yara, Haidar Amal, Baroud Rana, Zarifeh Habib, Kibbeh Fadi, Jbeily Nathalie, Karaki Hassan, Tzenios Nikolaos, Sadek Zahra
PHENOL Research Group (Public Health Nutrition Program-Lebanon), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon.
Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1100, Lebanon.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Aug 12;13(8):264. doi: 10.3390/sports13080264.
Taekwondo (TKD) athletes' nutritional and health statuses and body composition are critical to their physical performance and overall fitness. In Lebanon, TKD is widely practiced; however, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding the nutritional and health profiles of its athletes. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, anemia prevalence, body composition, and other health-related characteristics, among Lebanese TKD athletes. Additionally, it explored the determinants of normal hemoglobin (Hb) levels, blood pressure, normal muscle mass, and normal fat mass.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2023, involving 110 TKD athletes. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were measured to assess anemia, while body composition was evaluated using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Blood pressure was also recorded. Household dietary diversity was assessed using the Food Consumption Score, and additional data on sociodemographic factors, training frequency, and supplement or medication use were gathered through a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of normal Hb levels, hypertension, and optimal muscle and fat mass.
Results showed that male athletes had significantly higher rates of normal Hb (-value = 0.013) and muscle mass percentages (-value < 0.001), while females had higher rates of normal blood pressure (-value = 0.002) and were more likely to use iron supplements (-value = 0.002) and painkillers (-value = 0.041). Normal fat mass was positively associated with normal Hb levels (aOR: 11.98, -value = 0.033). Female gender was linked to a lower likelihood of normal muscle mass (aOR: 0.13, -value < 0.001) and hypertension (aOR: 0.19, -value = 0.009). Higher training duration (10 h or more per week) (aOR: 3.46, -value = 0.04) and normal BMI (aOR: 4.93, -value = 0.003) were positively associated with normal muscle mass. Normal BMI (aOR: 14.68, -value < 0.001) was positively associated with normal fat mass.
These findings underscore the importance of individualized dietary interventions to enhance athletes' overall health and performance, through the optimization of athletes' body composition, and the prevention of deficiencies, especially iron deficiency.
跆拳道（TKD）运动员的营养与健康状况以及身体成分对其运动表现和整体健康至关重要。在黎巴嫩，跆拳道运动广泛开展；然而，关于该国跆拳道运动员营养与健康状况的文献存在显著空白。本研究旨在评估黎巴嫩跆拳道运动员的营养状况、贫血患病率、身体成分及其他与健康相关的特征。此外，还探究了正常血红蛋白（Hb）水平、血压、正常肌肉量和正常脂肪量的决定因素。
于2023年1月至7月进行了一项横断面研究，纳入110名跆拳道运动员。测量血红蛋白和血细胞比容水平以评估贫血情况，同时使用生物电阻抗分析仪评估身体成分。记录血压。采用食物消费得分评估家庭饮食多样性，并通过结构化问卷收集社会人口学因素、训练频率以及补充剂或药物使用等其他数据。应用逻辑回归模型确定正常Hb水平、高血压以及最佳肌肉和脂肪量的预测因素。
结果显示，男性运动员正常Hb水平（P值 = 0.013）和肌肉量百分比（P值 < 0.001）的比例显著更高，而女性正常血压比例（P值 = 0.002）更高，且更有可能使用铁补充剂（P值 = 0.002）和止痛药（P值 = 0.041）。正常脂肪量与正常Hb水平呈正相关（调整后比值比：11.98，P值 = 0.033）。女性性别与正常肌肉量（调整后比值比：0.13，P值 < 0.001）和高血压（调整后比值比：0.19，P值 = 0.009）的可能性较低有关。较高的训练时长（每周10小时或更多）（调整后比值比：3.46，P值 = 0.04）和正常BMI（调整后比值比：4.93，P值 = 0.003）与正常肌肉量呈正相关。正常BMI（调整后比值比：14.68，P值 < 0.001）与正常脂肪量呈正相关。
这些发现强调了个性化饮食干预的重要性，通过优化运动员的身体成分以及预防营养缺乏，尤其是缺铁，来提高运动员的整体健康和表现。
