Purification of human DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase.

We have developed a facile procedure for the purification of DNA methyltransferase activity from human placenta. The procedure avoids the isolation of nuclei and the dialysis and chromatography of large volumes. A purification of 38,000-fold from the whole cell extract has been achieved. The procedure employs ion exchange, affinity, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography coupled with preparative glycerol gradient centrifugation. A protein of 126,000 daltons was found to copurify with the activity and was the major band seen in the most highly purified material after SDS gel electrophoresis. This observation, coupled with an observed sedimentation coefficient of 6.3S, suggests that the enzyme is composed of a single polypeptide chain of this molecular weight. Hemimethylated DNA was found to be the preferred substrate for the enzyme at each stage in the purification. The ratio of the activity of the purified product on hemimethylated to that on unmethylated M13 duplex DNA was about 12 to 1. Thus, the purified activity has the properties postulated for a maintenance methyltransferase. The availability of highly purified human DNA methyltransferase should facilitate many studies on the structure, function, and expression of these activities in both normal and transformed cells.