Jabłońska Beata, Poznańska Gabriela, Jabłoński Paweł, Dziadas Mariusz
Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Brzeźnicka St. 60a, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
HIG Polska Sp. z o.o., Niedźwiedziniec St. 18, 41-506 Chorzów, Poland.
Waste Manag. 2025 Sep;206:115089. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115089. Epub 2025 Aug 26.
The complete disposal of waste plastics (WPs) is a serious challenge in today's world. One of their streams originates in growing number of end-of-life vehicles, where these materials are often mixed, and their mechanical recycling is practically impossible. However, their complete neutralization can be achieved by the process of thermochemical conversion. The obtained pyrolytic oil can enter into the supply chain after the cracking process in the petrochemical industry. The paper draws attention to the prospects of using various fractions obtained after distillation of oil from the pyrolysis process of mixed waste plastics from end-of-life cars, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), which are currently difficult to process in a traditional way. Four types of waste were tested: polyolefin waste (POW) in the form of a 1:1 PE:PP blend, ABS and POW-ABS blends in the ratios of 4:1 and 3:2. Their physicochemical properties were investigated and thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTG/DSC) coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were performed. As a result of pyrolysis, a broad hydrocarbon fraction (BHF) was isolated, which was subjected to atmospheric distillation leading to wax, naphtha and gasoline fractions. Their properties were determined and some applications indicated. Mixing polyolefin waste with ABS in a 4:1 ratio in the pyrolysis process increased the yield of liquid products (BHF) by approximately 18 % and reduced the amount of pyrolysis gas by approximately 64 % compared to the amount from POW pyrolysis; in the case of a 3:2 ratio, the effects were much smaller - 4 % and 25 %, respectively. Moreover, naphtha fractions were mixed in various proportions with diesel oil to determine the possibility of using it as an additive to diesel fuel. The mixture in the proportions of 20 % POW-ABS 4:1 naphtha fraction + 80 % diesel oil is characterized by properties most similar to standard diesel oil, and meets the PN-EN 590:2022-08 standard. The obtained results show the reasonability of thermochemical conversion of plastic waste containing ABS + PE/PP and indicate the applications of its products.
废旧塑料（WP）的完全处理是当今世界面临的一项严峻挑战。其中一个来源是报废车辆数量不断增加，这些材料通常混合在一起，几乎无法进行机械回收。然而，通过热化学转化过程可以实现它们的完全中和。所得热解油在石化行业经过裂解过程后可进入供应链。本文关注了对报废汽车混合废旧塑料热解过程中得到的油进行蒸馏后获得的各种馏分的利用前景，这些废旧塑料包括聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）和丙烯腈 - 丁二烯 - 苯乙烯共聚物（ABS），目前它们难以用传统方法处理。测试了四种类型的废料：1:1的PE:PP共混物形式的聚烯烃废料（POW）、ABS以及比例为4:1和3:2的POW - ABS共混物。研究了它们的物理化学性质，并进行了热重分析（TG/DTG/DSC）以及傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析。热解的结果是分离出了一种宽馏分烃（BHF），对其进行常压蒸馏得到蜡、石脑油和汽油馏分。测定了它们的性质并指出了一些应用。与POW热解产生的量相比，在热解过程中将聚烯烃废料与ABS按4:1的比例混合可使液体产物（BHF）的产率提高约18%，并使热解气的量减少约64%；在3:2比例的情况下，效果要小得多，分别为4%和25%。此外，将石脑油馏分与柴油按不同比例混合，以确定其作为柴油添加剂使用的可能性。比例为20%的POW - ABS 4:1石脑油馏分 + 80%柴油的混合物具有与标准柴油最相似的性质，并且符合PN - EN 590:2022 - 08标准。所得结果表明了对含有ABS + PE/PP的塑料废料进行热化学转化的合理性，并指出了其产物的应用。
