Rossignol C, Hazemann J J
J Fr Ophtalmol. 1985;8(8-9):549-54.
Ophthalmological examination is part of a comprehensive examination in children under 4 years of age. Screening priorities are: strabismus examination at 10 months and 2 years of age; assessment of distant visual acuity at 2 years of age; assessment of monocular far and near acuity in association with colored vision screening at 4 years of age. Out of 130 000 check ups carried out by ophthalmologists in the Bilan de Santé de l'Enfant: At 10 months and 2 years of age: one child out of five presented ophthalmological anomalies of various degrees; At 4 years of age, one child out of four. One anomaly out of five required immediate treatment. Strabismus was noted in one child out of 28 for all ages considered. In the first year of age, the risk factors for ophthalmological anomalies were: prematurity, dysmaturity, neo-natal pathology, a familial past history of ophthalmic anomalies. These children must be routinely examined prior to the age of 2 years by an ophthalmologist trained in the examination of young children. The decision to refer to the ophthalmologist is the pediatrician's responsibility.
眼科检查是4岁以下儿童全面检查的一部分。筛查重点如下：10个月和2岁时进行斜视检查；2岁时评估远视力；4岁时结合色觉筛查评估单眼远近视力。在儿童健康状况蓝皮书中，眼科医生进行了13万次检查：在10个月和2岁时：五分之一的儿童存在不同程度的眼科异常；在4岁时，四分之一的儿童存在异常。五分之一的异常需要立即治疗。在所有考虑的年龄段中，28个孩子中有1个被发现有斜视。在1岁时，眼科异常的风险因素包括：早产、发育不成熟、新生儿疾病、眼科异常家族史。这些儿童必须在2岁之前由接受过幼儿检查培训的眼科医生进行常规检查。转诊给眼科医生的决定由儿科医生负责。
