Mao Caiyun, Zhao Jieyou, Cheng Nana, Xu Zihang, Ma Haoming, Song Yunjia, Sun Xutao
Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
Biomolecules. 2025 Jul 24;15(8):1073. doi: 10.3390/biom15081073.
Protein S-nitrosylation is a selective post-translational modification in which a nitrosyl group is covalently attached to the reactive thiol group of cysteine, forming S-nitrosothiol. This modification plays a pivotal role in modulating physiological and pathological cardiovascular processes by altering protein conformation, activity, stability, and other post-translational modifications. It is instrumental in regulating vascular and myocardial systolic and diastolic functions, vascular endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and cardiac action potential and repolarization. Aberrant S-nitrosylation levels are implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, including systemic hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Insufficient S-nitrosylation leads to impaired vasodilation and increased vascular resistance, while excessive S-nitrosylation contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, thereby accelerating ventricular remodeling. This paper reviews the S-nitrosylated proteins in the above-mentioned diseases and their impact on these conditions through various signaling pathways, with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies or drugs targeting S-nitrosylated proteins.
蛋白质S-亚硝基化是一种选择性的翻译后修饰，其中亚硝基基团共价连接到半胱氨酸的反应性硫醇基团上，形成S-亚硝基硫醇。这种修饰通过改变蛋白质的构象、活性、稳定性和其他翻译后修饰，在调节生理和病理心血管过程中起关键作用。它有助于调节血管和心肌的收缩和舒张功能、血管内皮细胞和心肌细胞的凋亡以及心脏动作电位和复极化。异常的S-亚硝基化水平与多种心血管疾病的发病机制有关，包括系统性高血压、肺动脉高压、动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭、心肌梗死、心律失常和糖尿病心肌病。S-亚硝基化不足会导致血管舒张受损和血管阻力增加，而过度的S-亚硝基化会导致心脏肥大和心肌纤维化，从而加速心室重构。本文综述了上述疾病中的S-亚硝基化蛋白质及其通过各种信号通路对这些疾病的影响，旨在为开发针对S-亚硝基化蛋白质的新型治疗策略或药物提供理论基础。
