Zhang Yidan, Hu Han, Song Linmei, Liu Zhihui, Ma Junguo, Li Xiaoyu
Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Aug 11;15(16):2355. doi: 10.3390/ani15162355.
Glyphosate (GLY) and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) frequently co-occur in natural water bodies. In this study, a subacute exposure test was conducted on zebrafish treated with 3.5 mg/L GLY and 35 μg/L MC-LR, individually and in combination, for 21 d to determine their effects on the gills of zebrafish and their potential mechanisms. The hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy examination results showed that GLY and MC-LR exposure caused structural damage to gills. Biochemical analysis revealed Na-K-ATPase activity decreased, and the levels of reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and malondialdehyde increased, inducing oxidative damage to DNA and lipids of gills. Meanwhile, the inflammatory and immune function of the gill was significantly influenced, as evidenced by the alteration of the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, complement 3, and immunoglobulin M. RNA-seq results revealed that GLY and/or MC-LR treatment induced transcriptional changes in the fish gills, which may affect various biological functions, and the lipid metabolism disruption potentially involved in the aforementioned process. Integrating histopathological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses, this study revealed that both individual and combined exposures to GLY and MC-LR had adverse effects on zebrafish gills, with combined exposure appears to result in more pronounced adverse effects, potentially compromising fish health.
草甘膦（GLY）和微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）经常同时出现在天然水体中。在本研究中，对斑马鱼进行了亚急性暴露试验，分别单独及联合使用3.5mg/L的GLY和35μg/L的MC-LR处理21天，以确定它们对斑马鱼鳃的影响及其潜在机制。苏木精-伊红染色和扫描电子显微镜检查结果表明，暴露于GLY和MC-LR会导致鳃的结构损伤。生化分析显示，Na-K-ATP酶活性降低，活性氧、8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷和丙二醛水平升高，诱导鳃的DNA和脂质发生氧化损伤。同时，鳃的炎症和免疫功能受到显著影响，肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β、补体3和免疫球蛋白M的表达改变证明了这一点。RNA测序结果显示，GLY和/或MC-LR处理诱导了鱼鳃的转录变化，这可能会影响各种生物学功能，并且脂质代谢紊乱可能参与了上述过程。综合组织病理学、生化和转录组分析，本研究表明，单独或联合暴露于GLY和MC-LR均对斑马鱼鳃有不利影响，联合暴露似乎会导致更明显的不利影响，可能损害鱼类健康。
