Morales-Durán Nami, Fuentes Sebastián, García-Gallego Jesús, Treviño-Reséndez José, García-Espinoza Josué D, Morones-Ramírez Rubén, Chávez Carlos
Chemical Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66451, Mexico.
Research Center for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Chemical Sciences Faculty, Research and Technological Innovation Park, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Apodaca 66629, Mexico.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Aug 2;14(8):786. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14080786.
In recent years, the discharge of antibiotics into rivers and irrigation canals has increased. However, few studies have addressed the impact of these compounds on agricultural fields that use such water to meet crop demands. In this study, the transport of two types of gentamicin (pure gentamicin and gentamicin sulfate) was modeled at concentrations of 150 and 300 μL/L, respectively, in a soil with more than 60 years of agricultural use. Infiltration tests under constant head conditions and gentamicin transport experiments were conducted in acrylic columns measuring 14 cm in length and 12.7 cm in diameter. The scaling parameters for the Richards equation were obtained from experimental data, while those for the advection-dispersion equation were estimated using inverse methods through a nonlinear optimization algorithm. In addition, a fractal-based model for saturated hydraulic conductivity was employed. It was found that the dispersivity of gentamicin sulfate is 3.1 times higher than that of pure gentamicin. Based on the estimated parameters, two simulation scenarios were conducted: continuous application of gentamicin and soil flushing after antibiotic discharge. The results show that the transport velocity of gentamicin sulfate in the soil may have short-term consequences for the emergence of resistant microorganisms due to the destination of wastewater containing antibiotic residues. Finally, further research is needed to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on soil physical properties, as well as their effects on irrigated crops, animals that consume such water, and the soil microbiota.
近年来，抗生素向河流和灌溉渠的排放有所增加。然而，很少有研究探讨这些化合物对利用此类水来满足作物需求的农田的影响。在本研究中，分别以150和300 μL/L的浓度对两种庆大霉素（纯庆大霉素和硫酸庆大霉素）在一块有60多年农业使用历史的土壤中的运移进行了模拟。在长度为14 cm、直径为12.7 cm的丙烯酸柱中进行了恒定水头条件下的入渗试验和庆大霉素运移实验。Richards方程的尺度参数从实验数据中获得，而平流 - 弥散方程的参数则通过非线性优化算法采用反演方法进行估算。此外，还采用了基于分形的饱和导水率模型。结果发现，硫酸庆大霉素的弥散度比纯庆大霉素高3.1倍。基于估算的参数，进行了两种模拟情景：庆大霉素的连续施用以及抗生素排放后的土壤冲洗。结果表明，由于含有抗生素残留的废水的去向，硫酸庆大霉素在土壤中的运移速度可能会对耐药微生物的出现产生短期影响。最后，需要进一步研究来评估抗生素对土壤物理性质的影响，以及它们对灌溉作物、饮用此类水的动物和土壤微生物群的影响。
