Bailo Paolo, Gibelli Filippo, Cennamo Marilyn, Pesel Giuliano, Basello Emerenziana, Spasari Tommaso, Ricci Giovanna
Section of Legal Medicine, School of Law, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Aug 8;13(16):1947. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13161947.
In recent years, Italy has experienced a significant increase in violence against healthcare workers, mirroring a global trend. Manifesting as verbal, physical, psychological, and material aggression, this phenomenon endangers both personnel safety and the foundational principles of the National Health Service (SSN) as outlined in Article 32 of the Italian Constitution. The escalation-most acute in emergency departments, psychiatric units, inpatient wards, and community services-affects a broad spectrum of professionals, compromising care quality and institutional integrity. Data from the FNOMCeO-CENSIS Report 2023-2024 reveal over 18,000 reported incidents in 2024, with verbal assaults disproportionately affecting female nursing staff. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated systemic vulnerabilities, heightening user dissatisfaction and psychological strain among healthcare providers. In response, legislative actions-such as Law No. 113/2020 and Decree-Law No. 137/2024-aim to strengthen prevention, monitoring, and penal measures. This article examines legal, institutional, and organizational responses, including on-the-ground and hospital-based strategies to mitigate violence. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, it analyzes recent policy developments, regional dynamics, and victim-perpetrator profiles, arguing that safeguarding healthcare environments is both a public security priority and an ethical imperative essential to preserving the dignity of care work and the resilience of the health system.
近年来，意大利针对医护人员的暴力行为显著增加，这与全球趋势一致。这种暴力行为表现为言语、身体、心理和物质上的攻击，危及人员安全以及意大利宪法第32条所概述的国家医疗服务体系（SSN）的基本原则。这种暴力行为的升级——在急诊科、精神科病房、住院病房和社区服务中最为严重——影响了广泛的专业人员，损害了医疗质量和机构的完整性。FNOMCeO - CENSIS 2023 - 2024年报告的数据显示，2024年报告的事件超过18000起，言语攻击对女性护理人员的影响尤为严重。新冠疫情进一步加剧了系统的脆弱性，加剧了用户的不满情绪以及医护人员的心理压力。作为回应，诸如第113/2020号法律和第137/2024号法令等立法行动旨在加强预防、监测和惩罚措施。本文审视了法律、机构和组织层面的应对措施，包括实地和医院层面减轻暴力的策略。本文采用多学科视角，分析了近期的政策发展、地区动态以及受害者 - 施暴者的特征，认为保障医疗环境既是公共安全的优先事项，也是维护护理工作尊严和卫生系统韧性的道德要求。
