Maciag Tomasz, Krzyżanowska Dorota M
Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plant Protection, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja Street 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Antoniego Abrahama Street 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 20;26(16):8034. doi: 10.3390/ijms26168034.
Climate change causes major agricultural losses, driven both by the rise of plant diseases and by extreme weather events such as droughts and floods. Increased precipitation can lead to waterlogging of important crops. The roots of plants submerged in water have limited access to oxygen, which leads to hypoxia, which, in turn, reduces plant resistance to other factors, e.g., plant pathogens. On the other hand, beneficial microorganisms can help plants oppose abiotic stress, e.g., by producing plant hormones or osmoprotectants such as trehalose, to increase plant tolerance to drought. It turns out that plant-beneficial microorganisms can also increase plant resistance to waterlogging. This can be achieved by various mechanisms that involve the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which reduces the amount of ethylene accumulated in the submerged roots. This can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species scavengers that protect plants from the oxidative stress caused by less efficient anaerobic metabolism, produce plant hormones that help plants to better adapt to low-oxygen conditions, and shape the plant microbiome, supporting plant growth in waterlogging conditions. This review outlines plant responses to waterlogging and discusses examples of microorganisms that improve plant tolerance, focusing on their underlying mechanisms.
气候变化导致了重大农业损失，其原因既有植物病害的增加，也有干旱和洪水等极端天气事件。降水增加会导致重要农作物遭受涝灾。淹没在水中的植物根系获取氧气的机会有限，这会导致缺氧，进而降低植物对其他因素（如植物病原体）的抵抗力。另一方面，有益微生物可以帮助植物抵御非生物胁迫，例如通过产生植物激素或海藻糖等渗透保护剂，来提高植物对干旱的耐受性。事实证明，有益植物的微生物还可以增强植物对涝灾的抵抗力。这可以通过多种机制实现，其中包括产生1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）脱氨酶，该酶可减少淹没根系中积累的乙烯量。这可以刺激活性氧清除剂的产生，保护植物免受效率较低的厌氧代谢所引起的氧化胁迫，产生有助于植物更好地适应低氧条件的植物激素，并塑造植物微生物群，支持植物在涝渍条件下生长。本综述概述了植物对涝灾的反应，并讨论了提高植物耐受性的微生物实例，重点关注其潜在机制。
