Schneider Kimberly T, Williams Sarah C, Kuhn Rory E
Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61761, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jul 22;22(8):1160. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22081160.
Pregnancy-related discrimination at work is a concern for many employees who navigate the pregnancy and postpartum stages of parenthood while working in the early-to-middle stages of their careers. Although there is legislation prohibiting pregnancy-related discrimination and ensuring accommodations postpartum, empirical evidence indicates many pregnant and postpartum employees still experience such behaviors. In this narrative review, we focus on describing the range of behaviors assessed in studies on pregnancy-related discrimination in several cultures, situating the occurrence of discrimination within theoretical frameworks related to stereotypes and gendered expectations. We also review evidence of employees' postpartum experiences with a focus on the transition back to work, along with breastfeeding challenges related to pumping and storing milk at work. Regarding coping with pregnancy-related workplace discrimination and postpartum challenges during a return to work, we review the importance of social support, including instrumental and emotional support from allies and role models.
工作中与怀孕相关的歧视是许多员工所关心的问题，这些员工在职业生涯的中早期阶段工作时，要经历怀孕和产后育儿阶段。尽管有立法禁止与怀孕相关的歧视并确保产后的便利条件，但实证证据表明，许多怀孕和产后的员工仍然会遭遇此类行为。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们着重描述在几种文化中有关与怀孕相关歧视的研究里所评估的一系列行为，将歧视的发生置于与刻板印象和性别期望相关的理论框架内。我们还回顾了员工产后经历的证据，重点关注重返工作岗位的过渡情况，以及与在工作时吸奶和储存母乳相关的母乳喂养挑战。关于应对重返工作岗位期间与怀孕相关的职场歧视和产后挑战，我们回顾了社会支持的重要性，包括来自盟友和榜样的工具性支持和情感支持。
