Liland Solveig Sandaker, Ulset Vidar Sandsaunet
Kvæfjord Municipality, Bygdeveien, 9475 Borkenes, Norway.
Department of Teacher Education and Outdoor Studies, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0863 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Aug 11;22(8):1256. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22081256.
Adolescents' physical activity patterns appear to be changing, with indications of a shift from nature-based activities toward more structured, indoor forms of exercise. However, it remains unclear how participation in outdoor recreation and fitness center use has developed in parallel over time, and whether these trends vary by degree of urbanization. The aim of the present study was to examine the trends in adolescents' engagement in outdoor recreation and use of fitness centers across Norwegian municipalities between 2010 and 2019 and to assess how these patterns relate to individual and contextual factors. Repeated cross-sectional data were drawn from the Ungdata survey (N = 67,554), and multilevel linear models were applied to estimate time trends and test interactions with municipal population density. Analyses were adjusted for depressive symptoms, gender, school grade, and vegetation density (NDVI). The results indicated a significant decline in outdoor recreation during the period, particularly in more urban municipalities, alongside a marked increase in fitness center use. The two activity types were positively associated but not mutually exclusive. The findings point to a broader shift in adolescent activity preferences that may reflect changing environmental and sociocultural conditions. These patterns underline the need for public health approaches that recognize diverse forms of youth engagement in physical activity.
青少年的身体活动模式似乎正在发生变化，有迹象表明正从基于自然的活动转向更有组织的室内运动形式。然而，随着时间的推移，参与户外休闲活动和健身中心使用情况如何并行发展，以及这些趋势是否因城市化程度而异，目前仍不清楚。本研究的目的是调查2010年至2019年挪威各市政当局青少年参与户外休闲活动和使用健身中心的趋势，并评估这些模式与个体和环境因素之间的关系。重复横断面数据取自Ungdata调查（N = 67,554），并应用多水平线性模型来估计时间趋势并检验与市政人口密度的交互作用。分析针对抑郁症状、性别、年级和植被密度（归一化植被指数）进行了调整。结果表明，在此期间户外休闲活动显著下降，尤其是在城市化程度较高的市政当局，同时健身中心的使用显著增加。这两种活动类型呈正相关，但并非相互排斥。研究结果表明青少年活动偏好发生了更广泛的转变，这可能反映了不断变化的环境和社会文化条件。这些模式强调了公共卫生方法的必要性，即认识到青少年参与体育活动的多种形式。
