Maciel-Rodríguez Mario, Moreno-Valencia Francisco David, Plascencia-Espinosa Miguel
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada (CIBA), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ex-Hacienda San Juan Molino, Carretera Estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico.
Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (SECIHTI)-Group "Ecology and Survival of Microorganisms", Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2025 Aug 1;13(8):1799. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13081799.
Soil degradation resulting from intensive agricultural practices, the excessive use of agrochemicals, and climate-induced stresses has significantly impaired soil fertility, disrupted microbial diversity, and reduced crop productivity. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) represent a sustainable biological approach to restoring degraded soils by modulating plant physiology and soil function through diverse molecular mechanisms. PGPB synthesizes indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to stimulate root development and nutrient uptake and produce ACC deaminase, which lowers ethylene accumulation under stress, mitigating growth inhibition. They also enhance nutrient availability by releasing phosphate-solubilizing enzymes and siderophores that improve iron acquisition. In parallel, PGPB activates jasmonate and salicylate pathways, priming a systemic resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Through quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antibiotics, lipopeptides, and VOCs, PGPB strengthen rhizosphere colonization and suppress pathogens. These interactions contribute to microbial community recovery, an improved soil structure, and enhanced nutrient cycling. This review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which PGPB enhance soil restoration in degraded agroecosystems, highlighting their role beyond biofertilization as key agents in ecological rehabilitation. It examines advances in nutrient mobilization, stress mitigation, and signaling pathways, based on the literature retrieved from major scientific databases, focusing on studies published in the last decade.
集约化农业生产方式、农用化学品的过度使用以及气候引发的压力导致的土壤退化，已严重损害了土壤肥力，破坏了微生物多样性，并降低了作物生产力。植物促生细菌（PGPB）是一种可持续的生物方法，可通过多种分子机制调节植物生理和土壤功能来恢复退化土壤。PGPB合成吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）以刺激根系发育和养分吸收，并产生ACC脱氨酶，从而降低胁迫下的乙烯积累，减轻生长抑制。它们还通过释放能改善铁获取的解磷酶和铁载体来提高养分有效性。同时，PGPB激活茉莉酸和水杨酸途径，引发对生物和非生物胁迫的系统抗性。通过群体感应、生物膜形成以及编码抗生素、脂肽和挥发性有机化合物的生物合成基因簇，PGPB加强根际定殖并抑制病原体。这些相互作用有助于微生物群落恢复、改善土壤结构并增强养分循环。本综述综合了关于PGPB增强退化农业生态系统土壤恢复的分子和生理机制的现有证据，强调了它们作为生态恢复中的关键因子在生物施肥之外的作用。基于从主要科学数据库检索到的文献，本综述考察了养分调动、胁迫缓解和信号通路方面的进展，重点关注过去十年发表的研究。
