Muñoz-Yáñez Claudia, Méndez-Hernández Alejandra, González-Galarza Faviel Francisco, Prieto-Hinojosa Adria Imelda, Guangorena-Gómez Janeth Oliva
Faculty of Health Sciences, Juárez University of the State of Durango, Gómez Palacio 35050, Mexico.
Institute of Genomic Science and Medicine, Torreón 27000, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2025 Aug 21;13(8):1949. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13081949.
Diet and gut microbiota are significant determinants of host health, but how dietary quality modulates gut microbiota in -colonised individuals remains underexplored. We studied two contrasting cohorts: university students (FACSA, n = 46) and institutionalised children with their caregivers (PAVILA, n = 37), representing distinct dietary and sociodemographic contexts. Eight participants from each cohort tested positive for ; however, two PAVILA samples could not be sequenced, resulting in a final microbiota subcohort of 14 individuals (FACSA n = 8, PAVILA n = 6). Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020), and faecal microbiota was characterised through 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity were analysed, and genus-level transformed data were further evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), and distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA). The FACSA cohort exhibited higher microbial richness and diversity (Shannon and Simpson indexes, < 0.01) compared to PAVILA, with marked differences in microbial composition (PERMANOVA R = 0.39, = 0.002). Total diet quality correlated with microbial structure (R = 0.26, = 0.016), with protein (R = 0.23, 0.017) and vegetable components (R = 0.17, = 0.044) as primary contributors. Multivariate analysis showed that higher protein and vegetable intakes were associated with genera such as , , , and (FACSA group). In contrast, , , and were linked to lower-quality diets (PAVILA group). Our results indicate that diet quality significantly influences gut microbiota composition in individuals colonised by , underscoring its potential as a target for nutritional interventions in vulnerable populations.
饮食和肠道微生物群是宿主健康的重要决定因素，但饮食质量如何调节已定植个体的肠道微生物群仍未得到充分研究。我们研究了两个形成对比的队列：大学生（FACSA，n = 46）和与照顾者一起生活的机构化儿童（PAVILA，n = 37），它们代表了不同的饮食和社会人口背景。每个队列中有8名参与者检测呈阳性；然而，两个PAVILA样本无法测序，最终形成了一个由14名个体组成的微生物群亚队列（FACSA组n = 8，PAVILA组n = 6）。使用2020年健康饮食指数（HEI - 2020）评估饮食质量，并通过16S rRNA测序对粪便微生物群进行表征。分析了α和β多样性，并使用置换多元方差分析（PERMANOVA）、主坐标分析（PCoA）和基于距离的冗余分析（db - RDA）对属水平的转换数据进行了进一步评估。与PAVILA队列相比，FACSA队列表现出更高的微生物丰富度和多样性（香农和辛普森指数，<0.01），微生物组成存在显著差异（PERMANOVA R = 0.39， = 0.002）。总体饮食质量与微生物结构相关（R = 0.26， = 0.016），蛋白质（R = 0.23， 0.017）和蔬菜成分（R = 0.17， = 0.044）是主要贡献因素。多变量分析表明，较高的蛋白质和蔬菜摄入量与诸如 、 、 和 等属相关（FACSA组）。相比之下， 、 和 与质量较低的饮食有关（PAVILA组）。我们的结果表明，饮食质量显著影响已被 定植个体的肠道微生物群组成，强调了其作为弱势群体营养干预靶点的潜力。
