Lim Shan-Xuan, Wadhawan Siona, DeVilbiss Elizabeth A, Clayton Priscilla K, Wagner Kathryn A, Gleason Jessica L, Chen Zhen, Zhang Cuilin, Grantz Katherine L, Grewal Jagteshwar
Office of the Director, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
Department of Community Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Suite 208, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 21;17(16):2707. doi: 10.3390/nu17162707.
: Suboptimal gestational weight gain (GWG) has been linked to increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. Evidence linking diet in pregnancy to GWG remains limited. We assessed relationships between adherence to five dietary patterns (Planetary Health Diet [PHD], Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH], Alternate Mediterranean Diet [AMED], Healthy Eating Index [HEI], and Alternate Healthy Eating Index [AHEI]) and 2009 Institute of Medicine GWG categories. : Women expecting singleton pregnancies participated in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies and completed a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 8 to 13 weeks of gestation that captured their baseline diet. Adherence to each dietary pattern was calculated, with higher scores indicating greater adherence. Women were categorized into low, moderate or high adherence to each dietary pattern. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals [OR (95% CIs)] of inadequate or excessive GWG (reference category: adequate), for high vs. low adherence to each dietary pattern. : In the full cohort, women with high vs. low adherence to DASH, AMED, HEI, or AHEI (but not PHD) had a 13% to 31% lowered odds of inadequate total GWG [ranging from 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) for AMED to 0.69 (0.48, 0.99) for DASH]. High adherence to DASH or HEI was associated with lower odds of inadequate first-trimester GWG, after correcting for multiple testing [DASH: 0.36 (0.22, 0.61), HEI: 0.49 (0.30, 0.79)]. No significant association was observed between any of the dietary patterns and excessive total and trimester-specific GWG. : Greater adherence to several dietary patterns was associated with lowered odds of inadequate GWG. Future studies could characterize these diets objectively by identifying metabolite signatures and examining their associations with GWG.
孕期体重增加未达最佳标准（GWG）与不良孕产妇结局风险增加有关。将孕期饮食与GWG联系起来的证据仍然有限。我们评估了遵循五种饮食模式（行星健康饮食[PHD]、终止高血压饮食方法[DASH]、替代地中海饮食[AMED]、健康饮食指数[HEI]和替代健康饮食指数[AHEI]）与2009年医学研究所GWG类别之间的关系。单胎妊娠女性参与了美国国立儿童健康与人类发展研究所胎儿生长研究，并在妊娠8至13周时完成了一份食物频率问卷（FFQ），该问卷记录了她们的基线饮食。计算每种饮食模式的依从性，分数越高表明依从性越高。女性被分为对每种饮食模式依从性低、中或高。使用多项逻辑回归，我们估计了每种饮食模式高依从性与低依从性相比，GWG不足或过量（参考类别：充足）的调整优势比和95%置信区间[OR（95%CI）]。在整个队列中，与DASH、AMED、HEI或AHEI（但不包括PHD）高依从性与低依从性的女性相比，总GWG不足的几率降低了13%至31%[从AMED的0.87（0.58，1.31）到DASH的0.69（0.4,8，0.99）]。在校正多重检验后，对DASH或HEI的高依从性与孕早期GWG不足的几率较低有关[DASH：0.36（0.22，0.61），HEI：0.49（0.30，0.79）]。在任何饮食模式与总GWG和特定孕期过量GWG之间未观察到显著关联。对几种饮食模式的更高依从性与GWG不足的几率降低有关。未来的研究可以通过识别代谢物特征并检查它们与GWG的关联来客观地描述这些饮食。
