Li Yan, Zheng Hui, Jiang Weiyu, Chi Yang, Meng Yizi, Mo Yanxiang, Chen Chen, Qu Bo, He Jin, Chen Feng
Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Road, Changchun, 130000, China.
Department of General Gynecology I, Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Road, 130000, Changchun, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):683. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07801-y.
Gestational weight gain (GWG) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as two major adverse pregnancy outcomes, could be affected by diet patterns, and GWG also influenced GDM. Therefore, we aimed to explore the four diet quality scores and two adverse pregnancy outcomes in a more macroscopic way.
667 women for GWG part and 333 women for GDM part who were pregnant from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), aged 20 to 44 years, were involved in this study, respectively. Four diet quality scores including dietary inflammatory index (DII), dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were chosen in this study.
We found that higher HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010 were associated with lower risk of GWG, especially for advanced maternal age. Lower DII and higher DASH were associated with lower risk of GDM. These associations were robust after excluding the diabetic patients. For pregnant women with GWG, DASH was negatively associated with the risk of GDM. Summarily, adherence of healthy dietary pattern associated with decreased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Adherence of healthy dietary pattern associated with decreased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We recommend that pregnant women take dietary precautions with foods consisting of fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole grains, and legumes.
孕期体重增加（GWG）和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是两种主要的不良妊娠结局，可能受饮食模式影响，且GWG也会影响GDM。因此，我们旨在以更宏观的方式探索四种饮食质量评分与两种不良妊娠结局之间的关系。
本研究分别纳入了来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的667名GWG组孕妇和333名GDM组孕妇，年龄在20至44岁之间。本研究选取了四种饮食质量评分，包括饮食炎症指数（DII）、终止高血压饮食方法（DASH）、健康饮食指数-2015（HEI-2015）和替代健康饮食指数-2010（AHEI-2010）。
我们发现，较高的HEI-2015和AHEI-2010与较低的GWG风险相关，尤其是对于高龄孕产妇。较低的DII和较高的DASH与较低的GDM风险相关。排除糖尿病患者后，这些关联仍然稳健。对于有GWG的孕妇，DASH与GDM风险呈负相关。总之，坚持健康的饮食模式与不良妊娠结局风险降低相关。
坚持健康的饮食模式与不良妊娠结局风险降低相关。我们建议孕妇在饮食上注意摄入水果、蔬菜、低脂乳制品、全谷物和豆类。
