Kabaciński Jarosław, Gorwa Joanna, Krakowiak Waldemar, Murawa Michał
Department of Biomechanics, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Aug 12;25(16):4995. doi: 10.3390/s25164995.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inter-limb asymmetry of a given variable for vertical jumps is commonly assessed in both healthy individuals and those undergoing rehabilitation post-injury. The aim of this study was to compare the asymmetry index between the take-off and landing of a single-leg counter movement jump (CMJ), as well as between females and males.
Twenty-three healthy females (age: 21.5 ± 1.6 years) and twenty-three healthy males (age: 21.1 ± 1.8 years) participated in this study. The assessment of two asymmetry indices (AI1 and AI2) was conducted for the peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) and maximum power (MP) during single-leg CMJ take-offs and landings performed on the force platform.
The analysis showed significant main effects ( < 0.001) for the phase factor (only AI2) and for the gender factor (only AI1). Moreover, there was a non-significant interaction effect between the phase factor and gender factor ( = 0.476). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in the values of (1) AI2 between the take-off and landing ( < 0.001) and (2) AI1 between females and males ( < 0.001).
Findings showed significant effects of the phase factor (only for AI2) and gender factor (only for AI1) on the magnitude of inter-limb asymmetry during single-leg CMJs. Furthermore, this study reported the significantly higher asymmetry of the PVGRF and MP for landing than take-off, which may result from difficulties in controlling the jumper's landing technique on one foot at higher velocity. In addition, the assessment of asymmetry for single-leg CMJs using AI1 should be performed separately for females and males, as opposed to AI2. Participants of both genders generally demonstrated a higher AI level for the power than for the force.
背景/目的：垂直跳跃中给定变量的肢体间不对称性通常在健康个体和受伤后接受康复治疗的个体中进行评估。本研究的目的是比较单腿反向运动跳跃（CMJ）起跳和着陆之间的不对称指数，以及女性和男性之间的不对称指数。
23名健康女性（年龄：21.5±1.6岁）和23名健康男性（年龄：21.1±1.8岁）参与了本研究。在测力平台上进行单腿CMJ起跳和着陆时，对峰值垂直地面反作用力（PVGRF）和最大功率（MP）评估了两个不对称指数（AI1和AI2）。
分析显示，相位因素（仅AI2）和性别因素（仅AI1）有显著的主效应（<0.001）。此外，相位因素和性别因素之间存在不显著的交互作用（=0.476）。成对比较显示，（1）起跳和着陆之间的AI2值存在显著差异（<0.001），（2）女性和男性之间的AI1值存在显著差异（<0.001）。
研究结果表明，相位因素（仅对AI2）和性别因素（仅对AI1）对单腿CMJ期间肢体间不对称程度有显著影响。此外，本研究报告称，着陆时PVGRF和MP的不对称性明显高于起跳，这可能是由于以较高速度单脚控制跳跃者着陆技术存在困难所致。此外，与AI2不同，使用AI1评估单腿CMJ的不对称性时，应分别对女性和男性进行。两性参与者的功率AI水平通常高于力的AI水平。
