Kolyva Foteini, Adamakis Ioannis-Dimosthenis S, Gkikas Dimitrios, Meletiou-Christou Maria-Sonia, Rhizopoulou Sophia
Section of Botany, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 8;14(16):2463. doi: 10.3390/plants14162463.
(1) Background: High temperatures and water scarcity, intensified by climate change, present major challenges to Mediterranean viticulture. In this study morphological, anatomical, and physiological responses of leaves at two developmental stages of L. cv. Assyrtiko were examined. (2) Methods: Young expanding and fully expanded leaves of two-year-old grapevines grown in pots in a controlled growth chamber, grown in soil in an open-air vineyard, and an adjacent greenhouse on Aegina Island (Greece), were used. The plants were subjected to water deficit (WD), elevated temperature (ET), and combined water deficit and elevated temperature (WD_ET) conditions for four months, and compared with control plants (C). (3) Results: Stress conditions caused contrasting effects on specific leaf area (SLA), which declined in young expanding leaves, except for a significant increase under elevated temperatures, while it increased in fully expanded leaves exposed to stress treatments. Concerning the anatomical traits, the thickness of spongy and palisade parenchyma did not change in young expanding leaves exposed to the three stress treatments, but increased in fully expanded leaves exposed to WD_ET. Metabolic traits (phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, and starch content) further highlighted these differences. (4) Conclusions: The findings reveal distinct stress responses between young expanding and fully expanded leaves of the grapevine Assyrtiko, underscoring the influence of water deficit and elevated temperatures on leaf developmental stage.
(1) 背景：气候变化加剧了高温和水资源短缺问题，给地中海地区的葡萄栽培带来了重大挑战。本研究考察了阿西尔提科（L. cv. Assyrtiko）葡萄两个发育阶段叶片的形态、解剖和生理反应。(2) 方法：使用了在可控生长室内盆栽的两岁葡萄树的幼嫩展开叶和完全展开叶，以及在希腊埃伊纳岛露天葡萄园土壤中生长的和相邻温室中生长的葡萄树的叶片。将这些植株置于水分亏缺（WD）、高温（ET）以及水分亏缺与高温联合处理（WD_ET）条件下四个月，并与对照植株（C）进行比较。(3) 结果：胁迫条件对比叶面积（SLA）产生了不同影响，幼嫩展开叶的比叶面积下降，高温处理下除外，其显著增加，而处于胁迫处理下的完全展开叶的比叶面积增加。关于解剖学特征，在三种胁迫处理下，幼嫩展开叶的海绵组织和栅栏组织厚度未发生变化，但处于WD_ET处理下的完全展开叶的厚度增加。代谢特征（酚类化合物、可溶性糖和淀粉含量）进一步突出了这些差异。(4) 结论：研究结果揭示了阿西尔提科葡萄幼嫩展开叶和完全展开叶之间不同的胁迫反应，强调了水分亏缺和高温对叶片发育阶段的影响。
