Jing Lanqi, Li Jianshe, Tian Yongqiang, Wu Longguo, Gao Yanming, Cao Yune
College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China.
College of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 11;14(16):2496. doi: 10.3390/plants14162496.
Excessive or improper fertilization not only salinizes soil but also reduces crop yield and quality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum N, P, and K levels capable of improving tomato fruit quality and reducing environmental pollution for tomato plants under brackish water irrigation conditions. The 'Jingcai 8' tomato was used as the research object, and an orthogonal experimental design was used to set up three nutritional factors of N, P, and K. Each factor was set at three levels: N (mmol·L): 2.00 (N1), 4.00 (N2), and 8.00 (N3); P (mmol·L): 0.67 (P1), 1.33 (P2), and 2.00 (P3); K (mmol·L): 8.00 (K1), 12.00 (K2), and 16.00 (K3). The effects of different levels of N, P, and K on plant growth indexes, root vigor and antistress enzymes, biomass and nutrients of plants and fruits, yield, quality, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes were investigated, and metabolomic measurements were performed on treatments ranked first (N:P:K ratio was 2:1.33:12) and ninth (N:P:K ratio was 8:1.33:8) for overall quality. In general, a N concentration of 8 mmol·L promoted plant vegetative growth and plant biomass accumulation by promoting the accumulation of aboveground nitrogen content, but it reduced the weight of single fruit and tomato quality due to an increase in soil EC and pH. In contrast, 0.67 mmol·L of P and 12 mmol·L of K were able to promote both plant vegetative growth and tomato quality formation. In addition, 0.67 mmol·L of P enhanced soil nutrient availability and enzyme activity, while 16 mmol·L of K reduced nutrient availability and enzyme activity and increased soil EC. The concentrations of ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, coumarin, and (-)-epigallocatechin were generally higher in tomatoes from the T2 treatment (N:P:K ratio was 2:1.33:12) than in those from other treatments. Together, the optimum N:P:K ratio (2:1.33:12) of fertilization enhances tomato yield and quality under brackish water irrigation.
施肥过量或不当不仅会导致土壤盐碱化，还会降低作物产量和品质。本研究的目的是确定在微咸水灌溉条件下，能够提高番茄果实品质并减少环境污染的氮、磷、钾最佳水平。以“京彩8号”番茄为研究对象，采用正交试验设计设置氮、磷、钾三个营养因子。每个因子设置三个水平：氮（mmol·L）：2.00（N1）、4.00（N2）和8.00（N3）；磷（mmol·L）：0.67（P1）、1.33（P2）和2.00（P3）；钾（mmol·L）：8.00（K1）、12.00（K2）和16.00（K3）。研究了不同水平的氮、磷、钾对植株生长指标、根系活力和抗逆酶、植株和果实的生物量及养分、产量、品质、土壤养分和土壤酶的影响，并对综合品质排名第一（氮:磷:钾比例为2:1.33:12）和第九（氮:磷:钾比例为8:1.33:8）的处理进行了代谢组学测定。总体而言，8 mmol·L的氮浓度通过促进地上部氮含量的积累促进了植株营养生长和生物量积累，但由于土壤电导率和pH值的升高，降低了单果重量和番茄品质。相比之下，0.67 mmol·L的磷和12 mmol·L的钾既能促进植株营养生长，又能促进番茄品质形成。此外，0.67 mmol·L的磷提高了土壤养分有效性和酶活性，而16 mmol·L的钾降低了养分有效性和酶活性，并增加了土壤电导率。T2处理（氮:磷:钾比例为2:1.33:12）的番茄中阿魏酸、肉桂酸、咖啡酸、香豆素和（-）-表儿茶素的含量普遍高于其他处理。综合来看，施肥的最佳氮:磷:钾比例（2:1.33:12）可提高微咸水灌溉条件下番茄的产量和品质。
