Liu Shengxing, Qiang Xiaoman, Liu Hao, Han Qisheng, Yi Ping, Ning Huifeng, Li Huanhuan, Wang Chunting, Zhang Xianbo
School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Mar 20;13(6):893. doi: 10.3390/plants13060893.
The yield, quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency of crops are important parameters for assessing rational water and fertilizer management. For an optimal water and fertilizer system with respect to the nutrient solution irrigation of greenhouse tomatoes using cultivation substrates, a two-year greenhouse cultivation experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023. Three drip fertigation treatments (T1, T2, and T3) were implemented in the experiment, where nutrient solutions were supplied when the substrate's water content reached 60%, 70%, and 80%. The frequency of nutrient solution applications is based on weighing coconut coir strips in the morning and evening at 7:00 to determine the daily water consumption of plants. Nutrient solutions were supplied when the substrate's water content reached the lower limit, and the upper limit for nutrient supply was set at 100% of the substrate water content. The nutrient solution application was carried out multiple times throughout the day, avoiding the midday heat. The nutrient solution formula used was the soilless tomato cultivation formula from South China Agricultural University. The results show that plant height and the leaf area index rapidly increased in the early and middle stages, and later growth tended to stabilize; the daily transpiration of tomatoes increased with an increase in nutrient solution supply, and it was the greatest in the T3 treatment. Between the amount of nutrient solution application and the number of years, the yield increased with the increase of the amount of nutrient solution, showing T3 > T2 > T1. Although the average yield of the T2 treatment was slightly lower than that of the T3 treatment by 3.65%, the average irrigation water use efficiency, water use efficiency, and partial fertilizer productivity of the T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of the T3 treatment by 29.10%, 19.99%, and 28.89%, respectively ( < 0.05). Additionally, soluble solid, vitamin C, and soluble sugar contents and the sugar-acid ratio of tomatoes in the T2 treatment were greater than those in the other two treatments ( < 0.05). Using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) method, it was concluded that the nutrient solution application rate of 70% can significantly increase water and fertilizer use efficiency and markedly improve the nutritional and flavor quality of the fruit without a significant reduction in yield. This finding provides significant guidance for the high-yield, high-quality, and efficient production of coconut coir-based cultivated tomatoes in greenhouses.
作物的产量、品质以及水肥利用效率是评估合理水肥管理的重要参数。为了针对使用栽培基质的温室番茄营养液灌溉构建一个优化的水肥系统，于2022年至2023年进行了为期两年的温室栽培试验。试验设置了三种滴灌施肥处理（T1、T2和T3），当基质含水量达到60%、70%和80%时供应营养液。营养液施用频率是基于早晚7点称量椰糠条来确定植株每日耗水量。当基质含水量达到下限就供应营养液，营养液供应上限设定为基质含水量的100%。营养液在一天中多次施用，避开中午高温时段。所用营养液配方为华南农业大学的无土番茄栽培配方。结果表明，株高和叶面积指数在生长前期和中期快速增加，后期趋于稳定；番茄的日蒸腾量随着营养液供应量的增加而增加，在T3处理中最大。在营养液施用量和年份之间，产量随着营养液施用量的增加而增加，表现为T3>T2>T1。虽然T2处理的平均产量比T3处理略低3.65%，但T2处理的平均灌溉水利用效率、水分利用效率和偏生产力分别比T3处理显著高29.10%、19.99%和28.89%（<0.05）。此外，T2处理的番茄可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖含量以及糖酸比均高于其他两个处理（<0.05）。采用逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）得出，70%的营养液施用量能显著提高水肥利用效率，并显著改善果实的营养和风味品质，且产量无显著降低。这一发现为温室椰糠栽培番茄的高产、优质、高效生产提供了重要指导。
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