Melo Marina F N, Lira Rômulo C D, Câmara Raquel S B, Pereira Isabela A G, Ramos Fernanda F, Costa Carolina S F, Amorim Laura F, Teixeira Quezia D, da Fonseca Flávio G, Nobre Vandack, Ferreira Flavia G F, Pinto Jorge, Coelho Eduardo A F, Ludolf Fernanda, Caporali Júlia F M
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30.130-110, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2025 Aug 21;14(8):827. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080827.
Urine-based immunoassay is a non-invasive method with demonstrated utility in detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated patients with COVID-19. To evaluate urine's potential for serological surveys in a real-world setting, SARS-CoV-2 serology was performed on urine samples from vaccinated individuals, both with and without prior confirmed COVID-19. (1) Methods: An in-house indirect ELISA was used to measure antibodies against recombinant spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in urine and paired serum from 149 individuals vaccinated with Janssen AD26.COV2.S, an S protein-based COVID-19 vaccine. (2) Results: Anti-S and anti-N levels were higher in the urine and serum of participants with confirmed prior COVID-19 compared to those without prior infection. Urinary anti-S effectively distinguished vaccinated individuals with (AUC = 0.96) and without (AUC = 0.88) prior infection from negative controls (non-vaccinated, non-previously infected individuals) ( < 0.0001). Among vaccinated participants, urinary anti-S and anti-N identified prior infection, with AUC values of 0.73 ( < 0.0001) and 0.60 ( = 0.03), respectively, being recorded. (3) Conclusions: Findings indicate that urinary anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reflect AD26.COV2.S vaccination and previous COVID-19. To further advance the methodology, studies with larger sample sizes and a greater diversity of COVID-19 vaccines are required.
基于尿液的免疫测定是一种非侵入性方法，已证明在检测未接种疫苗的新冠肺炎患者中的抗SARS-CoV-2抗体方面具有实用性。为了评估尿液在实际环境中进行血清学调查的潜力，对有或无既往确诊新冠肺炎的接种疫苗个体的尿液样本进行了SARS-CoV-2血清学检测。（1）方法：使用内部间接ELISA法检测149名接种基于S蛋白的新冠肺炎疫苗杨森AD26.COV2.S的个体尿液和配对血清中针对SARS-CoV-2重组刺突（S）蛋白和核衣壳（N）蛋白的抗体。（2）结果：与无既往感染的参与者相比，有既往确诊新冠肺炎的参与者尿液和血清中的抗S和抗N水平更高。尿液抗S能有效区分有（AUC = 0.96）和无（AUC = 0.88）既往感染的接种个体与阴性对照（未接种、无既往感染个体）（<0.0001）。在接种疫苗的参与者中，尿液抗S和抗N可识别既往感染，记录的AUC值分别为0.73（<0.0001）和0.60（=0.03）。（3）结论：研究结果表明，尿液抗SARS-CoV-2抗体反映了AD26.COV2.S疫苗接种和既往新冠肺炎感染情况。为了进一步改进该方法，需要开展更大样本量和更多样化的新冠肺炎疫苗研究。
