Kielan Blanka, Pałasz Artur, Krysta Krzysztof, Krzystanek Marek
SUM Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Department and Clinic of Rehabilitation Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Aug 11;18(8):1183. doi: 10.3390/ph18081183.
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death that occurs in the state of oxidative-antioxidative imbalance of an organism. The main components of ferroptosis are lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation. Cells experiencing ferroptosis show swelling, shrunken mitochondria with an abnormal structure, atrophic cristae, dense mitochondrial membranes, and ruptured outer membrane. Ferroptotic cells demonstrate a normal nucleus size without nuclear concentration, and neither condensation nor chromatin margination. Ferroptosis is regulated by multiple protein, genetic, and metabolic factors. The aim of this article is to present ferroptosis as a model of cell death occurring in various conditions and diseases. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science was performed. Search terms included "ferroptosis", "lipid peroxidation", "iron", and "cell death". Ferroptosis affects the onset, course, progression, and treatment of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer diseases, autoimmune diseases, and hemorrhages. By using appropriate ferroptosis moderators, it is possible to influence the course of the disease in patients. By understanding the ferroptosis phenomenon well, it is possible to regulate its occurrence by considering the action of oxidative and antioxidant factors. A comprehensive understanding of ferroptosis and the factors regulating this process should be the goal in therapy for many diseases.
铁死亡是一种在机体氧化-抗氧化失衡状态下发生的程序性细胞死亡形式。铁死亡的主要成分是脂质过氧化和铁蓄积。发生铁死亡的细胞表现为肿胀、线粒体结构异常且缩小、嵴萎缩、线粒体膜致密以及外膜破裂。铁死亡细胞的细胞核大小正常，无核浓缩，也没有染色质凝聚或边缘化。铁死亡受多种蛋白质、基因和代谢因素调控。本文旨在将铁死亡作为在各种条件和疾病中发生的细胞死亡模型进行介绍。对PubMed、Web of Science进行了文献检索。检索词包括“铁死亡”“脂质过氧化”“铁”和“细胞死亡”。铁死亡影响包括神经退行性疾病、癌症疾病、自身免疫性疾病和出血在内的多种疾病的发病、病程、进展和治疗。通过使用合适的铁死亡调节剂，有可能影响患者的疾病进程。通过深入了解铁死亡现象，有可能通过考虑氧化和抗氧化因素的作用来调节其发生。对铁死亡以及调节这一过程的因素的全面理解应该是许多疾病治疗的目标。
