Becker Sabrina, Hindenlang Katrin, Kuehling Josef, Lechner Mirjam, Reiner Gerald
Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine-Herd Health Management and Molecular Diagnostics, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
UEG Hohenlohe, Am Wasen 20, 91567 Herrieden, Germany.
Vet Sci. 2025 Aug 13;12(8):752. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12080752.
Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome (SINS) is a simple and non-invasive animal-based health and welfare indicator that combines the clinical observation of bristle loss, swelling, redness, exudation, necrosis and haemorrhage in various parts of the body. It provides a point-of-care measure with direct intervention capability. Several studies from different countries demonstrate its considerable prevalence, particularly among newborn, suckling and weaned piglets. The syndrome has been demonstrated to be endogenous, as evidenced by clinical, pathohistological, clinical chemical, metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic analysis. It has been established that the first and fourth weeks of life represent suitable time points for examination. However, longitudinal follow-up of individual animals has hitherto been lacking. In order to address this issue, a total of 1080 complete SINS examinations were conducted on 59 piglets at days 1 to 14, 19, 22, 26 and 41 of life. The findings substantiate the bimodal progression and evince a robust correlation between signs in disparate anatomical regions, including body temperature. Two peaks with significantly increased SINS signs were observed, the first around the fourth day of life and the second around day 26. The majority of indications of SINS in the second peak manifested prior to the initiation of the weaning process. The development of SINS signs in the piglets as a group followed a clear pattern. However, it was not feasible to predict the subsequent course of SINS based on individual animals. It is recommended that SINS, as an animal-based health and welfare indicator, be screened on days three to four and/or in the fourth week of life. It is imperative that the day of life is specified with the greatest possible precision, given the propensity for considerable deviations to occur within a time frame of one to three days, especially during the initial week of life. The implementation of these findings has the potential to make a decisive contribution to improving inventory herd analyses and studies on SINS, thereby improving the welfare and health of piglets.
猪炎症与坏死综合征（SINS）是一种简单且非侵入性的基于动物的健康与福利指标，它综合了对猪身体各部位掉毛、肿胀、发红、渗出、坏死和出血的临床观察。它提供了一种具有直接干预能力的即时护理措施。来自不同国家的多项研究表明其相当普遍，尤其是在新生仔猪、哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪中。该综合征已被证明是内源性的，临床、病理组织学、临床化学、代谢组学、转录组学和基因组分析均证明了这一点。已经确定生命的第一周和第四周是合适的检查时间点。然而，迄今为止缺乏对个体动物的纵向随访。为了解决这个问题，在59头仔猪出生后第1至14天、19天、22天、26天和41天总共进行了1080次完整的SINS检查。研究结果证实了双峰进展，并表明不同解剖区域的体征之间存在密切相关性，包括体温。观察到SINS体征显著增加的两个峰值，第一个在出生后第四天左右，第二个在第26天左右。第二个峰值中SINS的大多数指征在断奶过程开始之前就已出现。仔猪群体中SINS体征的发展遵循明确的模式。然而，根据个体动物来预测SINS的后续病程是不可行的。建议作为基于动物的健康与福利指标，在出生后第三天至第四天和/或在生命的第四周对SINS进行筛查。鉴于在1至3天的时间范围内很可能出现相当大的偏差，尤其是在生命的第一周，必须尽可能精确地指定出生天数。这些研究结果的实施有可能为改进猪群分析和SINS研究做出决定性贡献，从而改善仔猪的福利和健康状况。
