Bohra Babita, Srivastava Kumar Saurabh, Raj Ayush, Pal Nabanita, Shukla Rahul
Division of Virus Research and Therapeutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
Viruses. 2025 Jul 22;17(8):1022. doi: 10.3390/v17081022.
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV), a tick-borne Orthoflavivirus endemic to the Indian subcontinent, is a public health threat due to its recurrent outbreaks and expanding geographic range. This review provides a comprehensive overview of KFDV, encompassing its epidemiological trends, transmission dynamics, and ecological determinants that influence its spread. We delve into the current understanding of KFDV pathogenesis, highlighting key viral and host factors that drive infection and disease progression. Despite the absence of targeted antiviral therapies, recent advances have spurred the development of candidate therapeutics, including broad-spectrum antivirals and immunomodulators. We also discuss progress in vaccine development, with an emphasis on the limitations of the existing formalin-inactivated vaccine and the promise of next-generation platforms. Furthermore, we explore recent innovations in diagnostics, including molecular and serological tools, that aim to improve early detection and surveillance. A multidisciplinary approach integrating virology, immunology, ecology, and public health is essential for the effective management and eventual control of KFDV outbreaks.
基孔肯雅森林病病毒（KFDV）是一种蜱传正黄病毒，在印度次大陆流行，由于其反复爆发和地理范围不断扩大，对公共卫生构成威胁。本综述全面概述了KFDV，包括其流行病学趋势、传播动态以及影响其传播的生态决定因素。我们深入探讨了目前对KFDV发病机制的理解，强调了驱动感染和疾病进展的关键病毒和宿主因素。尽管缺乏靶向抗病毒疗法，但最近的进展推动了候选疗法的开发，包括广谱抗病毒药物和免疫调节剂。我们还讨论了疫苗开发的进展，重点介绍了现有福尔马林灭活疫苗的局限性以及下一代平台的前景。此外，我们探索了诊断方面的最新创新，包括分子和血清学工具，旨在改善早期检测和监测。整合病毒学、免疫学、生态学和公共卫生的多学科方法对于有效管理和最终控制KFDV疫情至关重要。
