Sun Yidan, Ling Shuyu, Tang Dani, Yang Meimei, Shen Chao
China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Viruses. 2025 Jul 22;17(8):1026. doi: 10.3390/v17081026.
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent virus linked to various diseases, including infectious mononucleosis (IM), nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Over the past few decades, EBV diagnostic strategies have evolved significantly-progressing from traditional serological assays and histopathology to more sensitive and specific molecular techniques such as nucleic acid amplification and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). While conventional methods remain valuable for their accessibility and established clinical use, they are often limited by sensitivity, speed, and multiplexing capability. In contrast, emerging technologies, including isothermal amplification, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics, multi-omics integration, and AI-assisted analysis, have demonstrated great promise in improving diagnostic accuracy, speed, and applicability in diverse clinical settings, including point-of-care testing (POCT). This review systematically explores the historical development of EBV diagnostic technologies, highlighting key milestones and future trends in precision medicine and global health readiness.
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是一种普遍存在的病毒，与多种疾病相关，包括传染性单核细胞增多症（IM）、鼻咽癌和霍奇金淋巴瘤。在过去几十年中，EBV诊断策略有了显著发展——从传统的血清学检测和组织病理学发展到更灵敏、特异的分子技术，如核酸扩增和高通量测序（HTS）。虽然传统方法因其易获得性和既定的临床用途仍有价值，但它们常常受到灵敏度、速度和多重检测能力的限制。相比之下，包括等温扩增、基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）的诊断、多组学整合和人工智能辅助分析在内的新兴技术，在提高诊断准确性、速度以及在包括即时检测（POCT）在内的各种临床环境中的适用性方面已显示出巨大潜力。本综述系统地探讨了EBV诊断技术的历史发展，突出了精准医学和全球卫生准备方面的关键里程碑及未来趋势。
