Manno Michele, Pavia Grazia, Gigliotti Simona, Pantanella Marta, Barreca Giorgio Settimo, Peronace Cinzia, Gallo Luigia, Trimboli Francesca, Colosimo Elena, Lamberti Angelo Giuseppe, Marascio Nadia, Matera Giovanni, Quirino Angela
Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University, A.O.U. "R. Dulbecco", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Viruses. 2025 Jul 25;17(8):1040. doi: 10.3390/v17081040.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the circulation, seasonality, and disease burden of viral respiratory infections. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the frequency of viral respiratory infections at a teaching hospital in Southern Italy by comparing data from before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic and by investigating how the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 affected the circulation and seasonality of other respiratory viruses. This retrospective and prospective study was performed on de-identified nasopharyngeal specimens classified as pre-COVID-19 (before 15 March 2020), during-COVID-19 (from 16 March 2020 to 5 May 2023), and post-COVID-19 (from 6 May 2023 to 31 December 2024). Overall, 790 out of 3930 (20%) patient samples tested positive for at least one respiratory virus. The mean age of patients was 60 ± 19 years, with significant positivity rates observed in the 65-98 age group ( ≤ 0.05) across all periods. In the pre-COVID-19 period, the most prevalent virus was influenza A (47.5%, 47/99), followed by the human rhinovirus (19.2%, 19/99). During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 was the most prevalent (64.9%, 290/447), before decreasing to 38% (92/244) after the pandemic, while influenza A's positivity prevalence increased to 14.3% (35/244). Rhinovirus/enterovirus remained relatively stable throughout all periods. The pandemic notably altered viral co-infection dynamics, with its effects lasting into the post-COVID-19 period. Specifically, a marked decrease in influenza A circulation was observed, while respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology remained stable and significant co-circulation of rhinovirus/enterovirus with SARS-CoV-2 persisted. Therefore, since COVID-19 and influenza affect the same high-risk groups, those individuals must be vaccinated against both viruses.
新冠疫情对病毒性呼吸道感染的传播、季节性和疾病负担产生了重大影响。本研究旨在通过比较新冠疫情之前、期间和之后的数据,评估严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)对意大利南部一家教学医院病毒性呼吸道感染频率的影响,并调查SARS-CoV-2的出现如何影响其他呼吸道病毒的传播和季节性。这项回顾性和前瞻性研究是对去识别化的鼻咽标本进行的,这些标本被分类为新冠疫情前(2020年3月15日前)、新冠疫情期间(2020年3月16日至2023年5月5日)和新冠疫情后(2023年5月6日至2024年12月31日)。总体而言,3930份患者样本中有790份(20%)至少对一种呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性。患者的平均年龄为60±19岁,在所有时期,65 - 98岁年龄组的阳性率均显著(≤0.05)。在新冠疫情前时期,最常见的病毒是甲型流感(47.5%,47/99),其次是人类鼻病毒(19.2%,19/99)。在新冠疫情期间,SARS-CoV-2最为常见(64.9%,290/447),疫情后降至38%(92/244),而甲型流感的阳性率升至14.3%(35/本研究旨在通过比较新冠疫情之前、期间和之后的数据,评估严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)对意大利南部一家教学医院病毒性呼吸道感染频率的影响,并调查SARS-CoV-2的出现如何影响其他呼吸道病毒的传播和季节性。这项回顾性和前瞻性研究是对去识别化的鼻咽标本进行的,这些标本被分类为新冠疫情前(2020年3月15日前)、新冠疫情期间(2020年3月16日至2023年5月5日)和新冠疫情后(2023年5月6日至2024年12月31日)。总体而言,3930份患者样本中有790份(20%)至少对一种呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性。患者的平均年龄为60±19岁,在所有时期,65 - 98岁年龄组的阳性率均显著(≤0.05)。在新冠疫情前时期,最常见的病毒是甲型流感(47.5%,47/99),其次是人类鼻病毒(19.2%,19/99)。在新冠疫情期间,SARS-CoV-2最为常见(64.9%,290/447),疫情后降至38%(92/244),而甲型流感的阳性率升至14.3%(35/244)。鼻病毒/肠道病毒在所有时期都相对稳定。疫情显著改变了病毒合并感染动态,其影响持续到新冠疫情后时期。具体而言,观察到甲型流感的传播显著减少,而呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)的流行病学保持稳定,鼻病毒/肠道病毒与SARS-CoV-2的显著共同传播持续存在。因此,由于新冠和流感影响相同的高危人群,这些个体必须同时接种这两种病毒的疫苗。