Jia Nannan, Ai Lin, Ma Yunping, Hua Chen, Shen Qi, Wang Chen, Li Teng, Wang Yingdan, Li Yunyi, Yang Yin, Zhou Chi, Chen Min, Wu Huanyu, Chen Xin, Lu Lu, Zhou Yanqiu, Huang Jinghe, Wu Fan
Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201100, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jul 27;13(8):795. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13080795.
Understanding the antibody response in monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected and uninfected individuals is essential for developing next-generation MPXV vaccines. This study aimed to characterize neutralizing antibody (NAb) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses in both groups, providing insights into immune protection and vaccine design.
A recombinant vaccinia Tian Tan (VTT) virus was utilized to develop high-throughput luciferase-reporter-based neutralization and ADCC assays. These assays were applied to evaluate the presence and levels of poxvirus-specific antibodies in MPXV-infected and uninfected individuals, including those vaccinated with vaccinia-based vaccines.
Poxvirus-specific NAbs were detected in MPXV-negative individuals with prior vaccinia vaccination. However, MSM individuals exhibited significantly lower pre-existing NAb levels than non-MSM individuals, potentially contributing to their higher susceptibility to MPXV infection. In individuals with mild MPXV infection, robust NAb and ADCC responses were observed, regardless of vaccination status. Additionally, HIV-positive individuals demonstrated comparable antibody responses following MPXV infection.
These findings highlight the potential role of pre-existing NAbs in MPXV susceptibility and the strong immune response elicited by mild MPXV infection. Further research is needed to determine whether MPXV-specific antibodies mitigate disease progression, which could inform the development of effective MPXV vaccines.
了解猴痘病毒（MPXV）感染和未感染个体的抗体反应对于开发下一代MPXV疫苗至关重要。本研究旨在表征两组中的中和抗体（NAb）和抗体依赖性细胞毒性（ADCC）反应，为免疫保护和疫苗设计提供见解。
利用重组天坛痘苗病毒（VTT）开发基于高通量荧光素酶报告基因的中和及ADCC检测方法。这些检测方法用于评估MPXV感染和未感染个体（包括接种痘苗病毒疫苗的个体）中痘病毒特异性抗体的存在情况和水平。
在先前接种过痘苗的MPXV阴性个体中检测到痘病毒特异性NAb。然而，男男性行为者（MSM）个体的既往NAb水平明显低于非MSM个体，这可能是他们对MPXV感染易感性较高的原因。在轻度MPXV感染个体中，无论疫苗接种状况如何，均观察到强烈的NAb和ADCC反应。此外，HIV阳性个体在MPXV感染后表现出类似的抗体反应。
这些发现突出了既往NAb在MPXV易感性中的潜在作用以及轻度MPXV感染引发的强烈免疫反应。需要进一步研究以确定MPXV特异性抗体是否能减轻疾病进展，这可为开发有效的MPXV疫苗提供参考。
