Wu Haonan, Wang Xianrui, He Fangliang, Cheng Xianlong, Jing Wenguang, Wei Feng, Yin Tian
Faculty of Functional Food and Wine Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang P. R. China.
Institute For Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing P. R. China.
Anal Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 25;6(2):e70040. doi: 10.1002/ansa.70040. eCollection 2025 Dec.
The medicinal use of bile-derived materials dates back thousands of years. However, due to their complex origins and morphological similarities, adulteration of expensive bile types with cheaper alternatives remains prevalent in the market, significantly compromising quality control and regulatory oversight. To address this critical issue, this study employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detection (UHPLC-CAD) technology combined with chemometric approaches, including chromatographic fingerprint similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis to systematically analyze 10 bile-derived medicinal materials: biotransformed bear bile powder, bear bile powder, pig bile powder, ox bile powder, sheep bile powder, chicken bile powder, duck bile powder, goose bile powder, rabbit bile powder, and snake bile powder. Chromatographic fingerprint similarity analysis revealed significant differences among the medicinal materials from different sources. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis successfully achieved accurate classification of the 10 types of bile-derived medicinal materials, while orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis identified nine characteristic differential components with variable importance in projection >1: taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycohyodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid. This study established a UHPLC-CAD method capable of simultaneously separating 17 bile acids, combined with multidimensional chemometric approaches, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of 10 bile-derived medicinal materials. The research successfully identified characteristic compounds for each bile powder type, providing a reliable methodology for both the identification and quality control of bile-derived medicinal materials.
胆汁衍生材料的药用历史可追溯到数千年前。然而，由于其来源复杂且形态相似，市场上用较便宜的替代品掺假昂贵胆汁类型的现象仍然普遍，这严重影响了质量控制和监管监督。为了解决这一关键问题，本研究采用超高效液相色谱- charged气溶胶检测（UHPLC-CAD）技术结合化学计量学方法，包括色谱指纹相似度分析、层次聚类分析、主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析，对10种胆汁衍生药材进行系统分析：生物转化熊胆粉、熊胆粉、猪胆粉、牛胆粉、羊胆粉、鸡胆粉、鸭胆粉、鹅胆粉、兔胆粉和蛇胆粉。色谱指纹相似度分析显示不同来源的药材之间存在显著差异。层次聚类分析和主成分分析成功地对10种胆汁衍生药材进行了准确分类，而正交偏最小二乘判别分析确定了9种具有投影重要性变量>1的特征性差异成分：牛磺胆酸、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸、甘氨脱氧胆酸、牛磺熊去氧胆酸、甘氨胆酸、牛磺去氧胆酸、甘氨猪去氧胆酸、甘氨鹅去氧胆酸和鹅去氧胆酸。本研究建立了一种能够同时分离17种胆汁酸的UHPLC-CAD方法，并结合多维化学计量学方法，对10种胆汁衍生药材进行综合分析。该研究成功地鉴定了每种胆粉类型的特征化合物，为胆汁衍生药材的鉴定和质量控制提供了可靠的方法。
