Mccafferty Sean, Berdahl John
Arizona Eye Consultants, University of Arizona, Ophthalmology, Tucson, AZ, 85710, USA.
Vance Thompson Vision, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2025 Aug 22;19:2901-2911. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S531475. eCollection 2025.
Enhanced understanding of intraocular pressure (IOP) dynamics by developing models improving upon foundational work in both steady-state and time-dependent domains.
Two novel base equations are developed describing IOP dependent upon aqueous fluid flow into and out of the eye. The equations incorporate the parameters of fluid facility, venous and arteriolar pressures as well as initial and steady-state IOP. Basic validation was completed replicating existing glaucoma interventional studies. Equation 1 is a steady-state approximation of equilibrium between linear inflow and outflow facilities whose intercepts are the arteriolar intercept pressure and venous pressure, respectively. Equation 2 is a time-dependent approximation of IOP from an initial IOP also incorporating two or more inflow and outflow facilities as well as the steady-state solution.
The steady-state equation was validated by replicating the results of a published IOP efficacy study of combined netarsudil and latanoprost treatment results with a 3% error. The time-dependent equation was validated by replicating a published study examining mean time response of latanoprost IOP reduction to steady-state with an 8% error.
The combined steady-state and time-dependent IOP equations enable IOP equilibrium modeling incorporating inflow and outflow facility and the effects of arteriolar and venous pressures. Validation demonstrates applicability of the model with added interventional outflow and time-dependent IOP responses. Enhanced IOP equations provide a novel framework for modeling IOP dynamics. Potential applications include understanding IOP pathophysiology, evaluating therapeutic interventions, and predicting temporal/diurnal IOP fluctuations.
通过开发在稳态和时间依赖性领域改进基础工作的模型，增强对眼内压（IOP）动态变化的理解。
开发了两个新的基本方程，描述取决于房水流入和流出眼睛的眼内压。这些方程纳入了流体易感性、静脉和动脉压以及初始和稳态眼内压的参数。通过复制现有的青光眼干预研究完成了基本验证。方程1是线性流入和流出易感性之间平衡的稳态近似，其截距分别是动脉截距压和静脉压。方程2是从初始眼内压开始的眼内压的时间依赖性近似，还纳入了两个或更多的流入和流出易感性以及稳态解。
通过复制已发表的奈他地尔和拉坦前列素联合治疗眼内压疗效研究结果，以3%的误差验证了稳态方程。通过复制一项已发表的研究，该研究考察拉坦前列素降低眼内压至稳态的平均时间反应，以8%的误差验证了时间依赖性方程。
稳态和时间依赖性眼内压联合方程能够对眼内压平衡进行建模，纳入流入和流出易感性以及动脉和静脉压的影响。验证表明该模型在增加干预性流出和时间依赖性眼内压反应方面的适用性。增强的眼内压方程为眼内压动态建模提供了一个新的框架。潜在应用包括理解眼内压病理生理学、评估治疗干预以及预测时间/昼夜眼内压波动。
