Gaur Sumit, Agnihotri Rupali
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2025 Aug 19;2025:9529544. doi: 10.1155/tswj/9529544. eCollection 2025.
Cannabis vaping involves the vaporization of cannabis vape (CV) liquid via a vape pen made of metallic and nonmetallic parts. Recently, various metal contaminants that originate from cannabis, as well as the vape liquid packaging device, were reported in CV liquids and aerosols. Heavy metal exposure from CVs is associated with various health afflictions and should be regulated. This scoping review intends to investigate the literature on heavy metal releases from CVs and their impact on health. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR scoping review guidelines. Initial search in electronic databases such as Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science yielded nine studies published until February 2024. The metals released from CVs, the variables influencing their leaching, and any documented adverse health impacts were recorded. Findings revealed that the structural elements of the CVs leached metals such as nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu), which were transported into the aerosol as tiny particles. Several factors, including the structural integrity of the device components, device age, operating temperature, vape liquid pH, and viscosity cutting agents in the vape liquid, caused metal dissolution. Even though none of the studies evaluated the direct health impact of these metals, they proposed that they may affect multiple body organs, specifically the lungs, where they were associated with electronic vaping device use-associated lung injury (EVALI). These metals might expedite the transformation of vitamin E acetate into ketenes, which are associated with EVALI. We can conclude that heavy metals beyond the regulatory guidelines are released from CVs and have negative health consequences. Further research is required to improve the CV design elements to lower the metal leaching. Additionally, disclosing the CV packaging contents to consumers is essential to prevent possible health risks.
大麻雾化涉及通过由金属和非金属部件制成的雾化笔将大麻雾化（CV）液汽化。最近，在CV液体和气溶胶中报告了源自大麻以及雾化液包装装置的各种金属污染物。来自CV的重金属暴露与各种健康问题相关，应加以监管。本综述旨在调查有关CV中重金属释放及其对健康影响的文献。本综述是根据PRISMA-ScR综述指南进行的。在电子数据库如Medline（PubMed）、Scopus、Embase和Web of Science中进行的初步搜索产生了截至2024年2月发表的9项研究。记录了从CV中释放的金属、影响其浸出的变量以及任何已记录的不良健康影响。研究结果表明，CV的结构元素会浸出镍（Ni）、铬（Cr）、铅（Pb）、钴（Co）、镉（Cd）和铜（Cu）等金属，这些金属以微小颗粒的形式进入气溶胶。包括设备部件的结构完整性、设备使用年限、操作温度、雾化液pH值以及雾化液中的粘度调节剂在内的几个因素会导致金属溶解。尽管没有一项研究评估这些金属对健康的直接影响，但他们认为这些金属可能会影响多个身体器官，特别是肺部，在肺部它们与电子雾化设备使用相关的肺损伤（EVALI）有关。这些金属可能会加速维生素E醋酸酯向烯酮的转化，而烯酮与EVALI有关。我们可以得出结论，超出监管指南的重金属从CV中释放出来，并对健康产生负面影响。需要进一步研究以改进CV的设计元素，以降低金属浸出。此外，向消费者披露CV包装内容对于预防可能的健康风险至关重要。
