Liu Yuxuan, Shi Ziyao, Wan Xianhua, Wang Ruolin, Liu Yang, Gong Yujie, Li Donghua, Zhang Yanhua, Li Hong, Li Guoxi, Liu Xiaojun, Sun Xiangli, Kang Xiangtao, Wang Yanbin
College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2025 Aug 28:e0021825. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00218-25.
The presence of fungal contamination and its mycotoxins in animal feed is pervasive, posing a significant threat to the well-being and performance of animals, as well as the safety of animal-derived food products. In this work, we screened a strain of () HAU3 that exhibits efficient antifungal activity against the growth of (). The antifungal activity was detected in the supernatant, with 20% sterile supernatant demonstrating an impressive antifungal rate of 98.46% against . The antifungal activity of the strain was evaluated through spectrum analysis and silage trials, revealing its effective antifungal activity against multiple fungal species. Furthermore, the strain is capable of degrading ZEN and its derivatives. The targeted disruption of fungal mycelial membrane was observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, staining with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive fluorogenic dye DCFH-DA and propidium iodide (PI) revealed that the strain induces accumulation of ROS in fungal mycelia. The active compounds underwent further separation, purification, and detection. The prominent active peak was identified through mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The molecular structure of the active compounds was predicted to be lipopeptides composed of 8 amino acids known as fengycin. The whole genome sequencing and informatics analysis unveiled a total of 13 gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The antifungal effects of HAU3 are exerted through the synthesis of fengycin, which selectively targets and compromises the integrity of fungal mycelia membranes, thereby making it a potential biocontrol agent for mitigating mycotoxin contamination in feed.
Mycotoxin contamination in animal feed, predominantly driven by , represents a persistent threat to livestock health and food chain integrity. Here, we report the isolation of a soil-derived HAU3, exhibiting potent and broad-spectrum antifungal activity alongside efficient biodegradation of zearalenone and its derivatives. Mechanistic dissection reveals that fengycin, the principal bioactive metabolite, compromises fungal membrane integrity and elicits intracellular oxidative stress, culminating in hyphal collapse. Genomic profiling uncovers a diverse repertoire of biosynthetic gene clusters underpinning secondary metabolite production. These findings establish strain HAU3 as a promising microbial chassis for the development of next-generation biocontrol strategies aimed at mitigating mycotoxin burden in agroecosystems.
动物饲料中真菌污染及其霉菌毒素的存在很普遍，对动物的健康和性能以及动物源性食品的安全构成重大威胁。在这项工作中，我们筛选出了一株对（某种真菌名称）生长具有高效抗真菌活性的（菌株名称）HAU3。抗真菌活性在上清液中被检测到，20%的无菌上清液对（某种真菌名称）显示出令人印象深刻的98.46%的抗真菌率。通过光谱分析和青贮试验评估了该菌株的抗真菌活性，揭示了其对多种真菌的有效抗真菌活性。此外，该菌株能够降解玉米赤霉烯酮及其衍生物。使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察到真菌菌丝体膜的靶向破坏。另外，用活性氧（ROS）敏感的荧光染料DCFH - DA和碘化丙啶（PI）染色显示该菌株诱导真菌菌丝体中ROS的积累。对活性化合物进行了进一步的分离、纯化和检测。通过质谱和磁共振光谱鉴定出突出的活性峰。活性化合物的分子结构预计为由8个氨基酸组成的脂肽，称为丰原素。全基因组测序和信息学分析揭示了总共13个负责次级代谢产物合成的基因簇。HAU3的抗真菌作用是通过丰原素的合成发挥的，丰原素选择性地靶向并损害真菌菌丝体膜的完整性，从而使其成为减轻饲料中霉菌毒素污染的潜在生物防治剂。
动物饲料中的霉菌毒素污染主要由（某种霉菌毒素名称）驱动，对家畜健康和食物链完整性构成持续威胁。在此，我们报告了从土壤中分离出的HAU3，它表现出强大的广谱抗真菌活性以及对玉米赤霉烯酮及其衍生物的高效生物降解能力。机制剖析表明，主要生物活性代谢产物丰原素会损害真菌膜的完整性并引发细胞内氧化应激，最终导致菌丝体崩溃。基因组分析揭示了支持次级代谢产物产生的各种生物合成基因簇。这些发现使菌株HAU3成为开发旨在减轻农业生态系统中霉菌毒素负担的下一代生物防治策略的有前途的微生物底盘。
