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二氯甲烷和Aliquat 336的协同组合用于从工业废料中选择性萃取铜、镍、锌和镉。

A synergistic combination of dichloromethane and Aliquat 336 for selective extraction of copper, nickel, zinc, and cadmium from industrial waste.

作者信息

Zallaghi Mehran, Chenarani Bentolhoda, Ghaemi Ahad

机构信息

School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, P.O. Box: 16765-163, Tehran, Iran.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 28;15(1):31709. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17388-1.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-17388-1
PMID:40877375
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12394562/
Abstract

The depletion of mineral resources and the escalating environmental pollution caused by industrial waste have underscored the urgent need for efficient metal recovery from these waste streams. This research focuses on the selective extraction of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) from industrial lead plant waste, employing a synergistic combination of Dichloromethane (DCM) and Aliquat 336 (A336) and individual solvent extraction using these solvents. The accuracy of the synthesized task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) (EtNCNHC and BuNCNHC) was investigated using FTIR and H-NMR analysis. The structure of the TSIL was optimized by TSIL experiments with a range of anions (Cl, NO, HSO, and CHCOO) and ammonium cations with varying alkyl chain lengths, and [BuNCNHC][Cl] was chosen as an extractant to extract the mentioned metals. Subsequently, solvent extraction experiments were conducted to optimize key parameters, including pH, TSIL concentration, TSIL reaction time, phase contact time, and the aqueous-to-organic phase ratio (A/O). The stripping stage used sulfuric acid (HSO) at varying concentrations. The DCM system demonstrated optimal extraction at a pH of 3, with 150 mg of TSIL, a 5-minute reaction time, a 5-minute contact time, and an A/O ratio of 2:1. The A336 system exhibited similar optimal conditions. Notably, the synergistic combination of DCM and A336 attained the highest extraction efficiency (%E) at a pH of 2, with a 40% DCM fraction in the total organic phase. The concentrations of metal ions in the aqueous phase were specified with atomic absorption spectroscopy. The possibility of metal recovery from the loaded ionic liquid phase using HSO was also investigated, demonstrating the reusability of the ionic liquids.

摘要

矿产资源的枯竭以及工业废物造成的环境污染不断加剧，凸显了从这些废物流中高效回收金属的迫切需求。本研究聚焦于从工业铅厂废物中选择性萃取铜（II）、镍（II）、锌（II）和镉（II），采用二氯甲烷（DCM）和Aliquat 336（A336）的协同组合以及使用这些溶剂的单独溶剂萃取方法。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和氢核磁共振（H-NMR）分析研究了合成的特定任务离子液体（TSILs）（EtNCNHC和BuNCNHC）的准确性。通过一系列阴离子（Cl、NO、HSO和CHCOO）以及不同烷基链长度的铵阳离子的TSIL实验对TSIL的结构进行了优化，并选择[BuNCNHC][Cl]作为萃取剂来萃取上述金属。随后进行了溶剂萃取实验以优化关键参数，包括pH值、TSIL浓度、TSIL反应时间、相接触时间以及水相-有机相比（A/O）。反萃阶段使用了不同浓度的硫酸（HSO）。DCM体系在pH为3、TSIL为150毫克、反应时间为5分钟、接触时间为5分钟以及A/O比为2:1时表现出最佳萃取效果。A336体系呈现出类似的最佳条件。值得注意的是，DCM和A336的协同组合在pH为2且总有机相中DCM含量为40%时达到了最高萃取效率（%E）。通过原子吸收光谱法测定水相中金属离子的浓度。还研究了使用HSO从负载离子液相中回收金属的可能性，证明了离子液体的可重复使用性。

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