Integrated analysis of m6A regulator mediated RNA methylation and key immune related genes in ischemic stroke.

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The role of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in modulating the immune microenvironment during ischemic stroke (IS) pathogenesis remains poorly characterized. This investigation systematically explores m6A-mediated immune regulation in IS and identifies critical immune-related biomarkers. Transcriptomic profiles from 108 IS samples were analyzed to discern m6A regulatory patterns. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) quantified immune cell infiltration and pathway activity across IS subtypes and controls. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified m6A-associated gene modules. Two complementary machine learning approaches were applied to identify the key immune-related genes implicated in IS pathogenesis. The robustness of these findings was subsequently confirmed through a comprehensive meta-analysis integrating six independent datasets. Eight dysregulated m6A regulators distinguished IS from controls. Unsupervised clustering delineated two distinct m6A modification patterns (Clusters A/B) with divergent immune landscapes: Cluster B exhibited heightened infiltration of natural killer cells, eosinophils, and activated CD4 T cells, coupled with IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway activation, whereas Cluster A demonstrated enrichment of immature dendritic cells and monocytes, alongside oxidative phosphorylation signaling. WGCNA identified a conserved immune-related module (black module,  = 0.68 with Cluster B) containing 322 co-expressed genes. Cross-validation by machine learning nominated five candidate biomarkers (, , , , C19orf24) showing consistent expression trends in internal validation cohorts (Control vs. IS and Cluster A vs. B). External validation via meta-analysis confirmed as a protective factor against IS susceptibility (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.97), while (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01–2.10) and (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.12–2.22) were significantly associated with increased IS susceptibility, establishing their roles as risk genes. Subsequent RT-qPCR analysis in clinical samples further validated the results of the aforementioned external validation. Moreover, ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.94) for , 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74–0.89) for , and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84–0.96) for . This study establishes m6A epitranscriptomic remodeling as a pivotal orchestrator of immune microenvironment heterogeneity in IS. The identification of , , and as promising biomarkers not only enhances the potential for precise diagnosis but also provides actionable targets for immunomodulatory therapy in IS.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-16948-9.